Table 1 Descriptives and scale information of key study variables (n=1839 for 2008 and n=1547 for 2009)
Concept | Measurement year | Questions | Answering scale | Cronbach’s α | Median score (25th-75th perc.) / % yes | Range of scores |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | (reference period: in the past 30 days) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Diet-related parenting practices: physical home environment | ||||||
Fruit availability | 2008 | How often do you have fruits available at home? | never (1) to always (5) | - | 5.0 (5.0-5.0) | 1.0-5.0 |
Fruit visibility | 2008 | Do you store fruits at home in a place where your child can easily see them, e.g. in a fruit bowl | never (1) to always (5) | - | 5.0 (4.0-5.0) | 1.0-5.0 |
Fruit accessibility | 2008 | Do you store fruits at home in a place that is easily accessible for you child? | never (1) to always (5) | - | 5.0 (5.0-5.0) | 1.0-5.0 |
Snack availability | 2008 | How often do you have sweet and savoury snacks available at home?a | never (1) to always (5) | Â | 4.5 (4.0-5.0) | 1.0-5.0 |
Snack visibility | 2008 | Do you store sweet and savoury snacks at home in a place where your child can easily see them?a | never (1) to always (5) | Â | 2.0 (1.5-3.0) | 1.0-5.0 |
Snack accessibility | 2008 | Do you store sweet and savoury snacks at home in a place that is easily accessible for your child?a | never (1) to always (5) | - | 3.5 (2.5-5.0) | 1.0-5.0 |
SSB availability | 2008 | How often do you have SSBs available at home? | never (1) to always (5) | - | 5.0 (4.0-5.0) | 1.0-5.0 |
SSB visibility | 2008 | Do you store SSBs at home in a place where your child can easily see them? | never (1) to always (5) | - | 3.0 (2.0-5.0) | 1.0-5.0 |
SSB accessibility | 2008 | Do you store SSBs at home in a place that is easily accessible for your child? | never (1) to always (5) | - | 4.0 (3.0-5.0) | 1.0-5.0 |
Diet-related parenting practices: political home environment | ||||||
Fruit rules | 2008 | Do you have a rule at home that your child should eat, in principle, 2 pieces of fruit per day? | no (0) or yes (1) | - | 24.5 | - |
Snack rules | 2008 | Do you have a rule at home about how much and when your child is allowed to snack?b | no (0) or yes (1) | - | 69.5c 15.2d | - |
SSB rules | 2008 | Do you have a rule at home about how much and when your child is allowed to drink SSBs?b | no (0) or yes (1) | - | 58.6c 15.5d | - |
Healthy eating policies | 2008 | 7 items, e.g., ‘How often do you eat breakfast with your child?’ | never (1) to always (5) | 0.60 | 4.1 (3.7-4.4) | 1.1-5.0 |
Diet-related parenting practices: socio-cultural home environment | ||||||
Parental fruit intake | 2008 | Based on Food Frequency Questionnairese | e | - | 6.0 (3.3-10.5) | 0-28 pieces |
Parental snack intake | 2008 | Based on Food Frequency Questionnaires | e | - | 6.0 (3.0-9.0) | 0-35 pieces |
Parental SSB intake | 2008 | Based on Food Frequency Questionnaires | e | - | 1.0 (0.0-6.0) | 0-42 glasses |
Healthy eating role modelling | 2009 | 12 items, e.g. ‘How often do you eat healthy meals or snacks while your child is around? | never (1) to always (5) | 0.70 | 4.0 (3.8-4.2) | 2.4-5.0 |
Activity-related parenting practices: physical home environment | ||||||
Availability of PA equipment and play spaces | 2008 | Which of the following toys/equipment does your child have? (list of 15 items, including skateboard, bicycle, skipping rope and outside play area) | no (0) or yes (1) | Â | 9.0 (7.0-10.0) | 2-15 |
PA equipment visibility | 2008 | Do you store your child’s active toys out of sight when he/she is not using them? (reversed item) | never (1) to always (5) |  | 4.0 (3.0-5.0) | 1-5 |
PA equipment accessibility | 2008 | 2 items, e.g., Do you store your child’s active toys in a place that is easily accessible for your child? (child needs no help getting them out) | never (1) to always (5) | 0.72 | 5.0 (5.0-5.0) | 1-5 |
Screen equipment availability in bedroom | 2008 | 2 items: Does your child have a television/computer in his bedroom? | no (0) or yes (1) | Â | 7.5c | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 21.2d | Â |
Screen equipment visibility | 2008 | 2 items, e.g., Do you store your computer out of sight when it is not used? (reversed item) | never (1) to always (5) | Â | 4.5 (3.0-5.0) | 1-5 |
Screen equipment accessibility | 2008 | 2 items, e.g., Is the television mostly turned on at your place? | never (1) to always (5) | Â | 3.5 (3.0-4.0) | 1-5 |
Activity-related parenting practices: political home environment | ||||||
Active transport rules | 2008 | Do you have a rule at home that your child, in principle, should go to school on foot or by bicycle? | no (0) or yes (1) | Â | 76.4 | Â |
Sports rules | 2008 | Do you have a rule at home that your child, in principle, should sport/be physically active? | no (0) or yes (1) | Â | 82.1 | Â |
Screen time rules | 2008 | 4 items, e.g. Do you have a rule at home about how much your child is allowed to watch television? | no (0) or yes (1) | Â | 0.8 (0.3-1.0) | 0-1 |
Physical activity policies | 2008 | 5 items, e.g. How often do you verbally encourage your child to be physically active? | never (1) to always (5) | 0.57 | 3.8 (3.4-4.2) | 1.6-5.0 |
Activity-related parenting practices: socio-cultural home environment | ||||||
Parental active commuting days | 2009 | Two questions based on SQUASH s72], one about number of days per week walking to work and one about number of days per week cycling to work | number of days per week for each question (open questions) | - | 0.0 (0.0-3.0) | 0-7 days |
Parental sports days | 2009 | Based on SQUASH; parents could indicate 4 types of sports they performed, | number of days per week for each sport indicated (open questions) | - | 1.0 (0.0-2.0) | 0-14 days |
Parental PA apart from active commuting and sports | 2009 | Six questions based on SQUASH; number of days of walking, cycling, gardening and doing small jobs during leisure time per week, and number of days of physically heavy work and physically heavy housework per week | number of days per week for each question (open questions) | - | 8.0 (5.0-12.0) | 0-28 days |
Parental screen days | 2008 | Two questions based on SQUASH, one about number of days per week watching television and one about number of days per week using the computer | number of days per week for each question (open questions) | Â | 10.0 (8.0-13.0) | 0-14 days |
Physical activity role modelling | 2009 | 6 items, e.g. How often does your child see you being physically active (e.g. walking, cycling, playing sports)? | never (1) to always (5) | 0.52 | 3.5 (3.3-3.7) | 1.7-4.8 |
Sedentary behaviour role modelling | 2009 | 2 items, e.g. How often does your child see you watching television? | never (1) to always (5) | 0.48 | 3.0 (3.0-3.5) | 1.0-5.0 |