Table 1 Characteristics of participants

Age, years (mean, range)

55.4(20–88)

57.6(20–88)

49.3(20–84)

Female (%)

55

53

62

Height, cm (mean, SD)

167.5(9.6)

167.5(9.9)

167.7(8.7)

Weight, kg (mean, SD)

82.4(18.1)

81.8(17.1)

83.9(21)

Body Mass Index, kg/m²(mean, SD)

29.3(5.6)

29.1(5.2)

29.8(6.6)

Systolic Blood Pressure, mmHg (mean, SD)

125.8(19.2)

126.6(17.7)

124(22.6)

Diastolic Blood Pressure, mmHg (mean, SD)

78.7(12)

78.7(10.8)

78.9 (16.7)

Education

-Secondary or below (%)

63

65

59

-Tertiary (%)

27

26

33

-Postgraduate (%)

10

9

8

Health Status

-Very good (%)

50

50

49

-Good (%)

28

29

24

-Fair (%)

22

21

27

Smoking status

-Current (> 1/day for last year) (%)

12

8

22

-Ever (%)

44

41

53

Alcoholic consumption (time since last consumption)

One week or less (%)

52

62

43

> One week < 12 months (%)

27

32

34

12 months or more (%)

11

4

13

Never (%)

10

2

10

Disease history

-High blood pressure (%)

38

41

29

-Low blood pressure (%)

15

15

14

-High cholesterol (%)

36

38

30

-Heart attack (%)

7

8

4

-Stroke (%)

3

4

2

-Angina (%)

6

7

4

-Diabetes (%)

10

10

7

Prescription Medication Use

-Antihypertensive (%)

22

22

20

-Lipid lowering (%)

16

16

18

-Aspirin (%)

6

8

3

-Glucose lowering (%)

6

5

9

-Any prescription medication (%)

62

65

53