All (N = 468) | Girls (N = 225) | Boys (N = 243) | P-value for difference* | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 7.6 ± 0.4 | 7.6 ± 0.4 | 7.7 ± 0.4 | 0.180 |
Height (cm) | 128.7 ± 5.7 | 127.6 ± 5.6 | 129.7 ± 5.5 | <0.001 |
Weight (kg) | 26.8 ± 5.7 | 26.4 ± 5.0 | 27.1 ± 4.7 | 0.113 |
Body mass index | 16.1 ± 2.1 | 16.1 ± 2.2 | 16.1 ± 2.0 | 0.767 |
Body mass index standard deviation scorea | -0.20 ± 1.1 | -0.18 ± 1.1 | -0.22 ± 1.1 | 0.662 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 56.6 ± 5.5 | 55.9 ± 5.8 | 57.2 ± 5.2 | 0.008 |
Body fat percentage (%) | 19.6 ± 8.1 | 22.4 ± 7.6 | 17.0 ± 7.7 | <0.001 |
Fasting serum insulin (mU/I) | 4.5 ± 2.5 | 4.8 ± 2.3 | 4.3 ± 2.6 | 0.003 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 0.004 |
Fasting plasma triglycerides (mmol/l) | 0.60 ± 0.24 | 0.62 ± 0.25 | 0.58 ± 0.23 | 0.052 |
Fasting plasma HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.60 ± 0.31 | 1.57 ± 0.31 | 1.64 ± 0.32 | 0.011 |
Fasting plasma LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.36 ± 0.51 | 2.41 ± 0.53 | 2.31 ± 0.49 | 0.022 |
Fasting plasma VLDL triglycerides (mmol/l)b | 0.28 ± 0.20 | 0.30 ± 0.21 | 0.27 ± 0.19 | 0.272 |
Fasting plasma VLDL cholesterol (mmol/l)b | 0.12 ± 0.10 | 0.13 ± 0.11 | 0.12 ± 0.10 | 0.466 |
Fasting plasma HDL triglycerides (mmol/l)b | 0.16 ± 0.04 | 0.16 ± 0.04 | 0.15 ± 0.03 | 0.389 |
Fasting plasma total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.27 ± 0.62 | 4.31 ± 0.63 | 4.23 ± 0.61 | 0.149 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 100.1 ± 7.3 | 99.8 ± 7.6 | 100.4 ± 7.1 | 0.418 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 61.7 ± 6.6 | 61.5 ± 6.8 | 61.8 ± 6.5 | 0.629 |
Cardiometabolic risk score | -0.03 ± 3.51 | 0.02 ± 3.42 | -0.08 ± 3.60 | 0.740 |
Total physical activity (min/d)c | 111.4 ± 42 | 104.3 ± 39.1 | 117.9 ± 43.7 | <0.001 |
Unstructured physical activity (min/d) | 49.7 ± 31.5 | 44.6 ± 30.8 | 54.4 ± 31.4 | 0.001 |
Structured exercise (min/d)d | 6.4 ± 11.3 | 5.0 ± 7.3 | 7.7 ± 13.9 | 0.009 |
Organised sports (min/d) | 8.4 ± 11.8 | 7.5 ± 11.3 | 9.2 ± 12.2 | 0.120 |
Commuting to and from school (min/d) | 18 ± 16.3 | 18.8 ± 16.8 | 17.3 ± 15.8 | 0.320 |
Physical activity during recess (min/d)d | 16 ± 4.2 | 15.5 ± 4.1 | 16.5 ± 4.3 | 0.016 |
Total sedentary behaviour (min/d) | 212.3 ± 99.7 | 220.5 ± 97.5 | 204.7 ± 101.3 | 0.087 |
Electronic media time (min/d)d | 101.9 ± 52.4 | 89.5 ± 46.3 | 113.2 ± 55 | <0.001 |
Watching television and videos (min/d)d | 67.7 ± 33.2 | 68.2 ± 33.9 | 67.3 ± 32.6 | 0.754 |
Using a computer and playing video games (min/d) | 30.9 ± 31.1 | 19.2 ± 22.3 | 41.8 ± 34.0 | <0.001 |
Using a mobile phone and playing mobile games (min/d) | 3.2 ± 8.8 | 2.1 ± 5.9 | 4.2 ± 10.8 | 0.012 |
Listening to music (min/d) | 12.9 ± 21.0 | 15.7 ± 23.2 | 10.2 ± 18.5 | 0.005 |
Playing a musical instrument (min/d) | 3.1 ± 10.0 | 4.2 ± 11.5 | 2.1 ± 8.3 | 0.026 |
Reading (min/d)d | 23.4 ± 23.2 | 25.1 ± 21.8 | 21.9 ± 24.4 | 0.145 |
Writing (min/d) | 6.7 ± 12.3 | 9.7 ± 13.9 | 3.9 ± 9.9 | <0.001 |
Drawing (min/d) | 25.5 ± 25.2 | 33.4 ± 27.0 | 18.1 ± 20.9 | <0.001 |
Doing arts and crafts (min/d) | 13.5 ± 20.2 | 19.5 ± 21.6 | 8.0 ± 17.1 | <0.001 |
Playing board games (min/d) | 15.1 ± 18.3 | 14.5 ± 16.5 | 15.6 ± 19.8 | 0.524 |
Resting (min/d)e | 10.6 ± 25.6 | 9.4 ± 24.9 | 11.6 ± 26.1 | 0.366 |
Maximal work load during exercise test (W/kg of body lean mass)f | 3.7 ± 0.52 | 3.6 ± 0.50 | 3.8 ± 0.50 | <0.001 |
Maximal work load during exercise test (W/kg of total body mass)f | 2.9 ± 0.54 | 2.7 ± 0.46 | 3.1 ± 0.53 | <0.001 |