A holistic school-based intervention for improving health-related knowledge, body composition, and fitness in elementary school students: an evaluation of the HealthMPowers program

Table 4 Changes in student performance on the PACER test, measured in fall (pre) and spring (post), by grade, year, and cohort, for 40 schools providing data on student knowledge and behavior, fitness measurements (BMI, PACER test), HealthMPowers resource usage, and school policies and practices

	Average # of laps completed			Student-level change (pre to post)
	Pre	Post	P-value^†	Improved	Maintained	Decreased	P-value (4th vs. 5th)^†
2012-2013 Data
2012-2013 Cohort
4th grade	19.0	21.4	*<0.0001*	481 (57%)	62 (7%)	303 (36%)	0.02
5th grade	22.5	24.5	*<0.0001*	490 (56%)	98 (11%)	294 (33%)	0.02
2011-2012 Cohort
4th grade	22.2	24.7	*<0.0001*	876 (62%)	104 (7%)	439 (30.9%)	0.48
5th grade	25.5	28.3	*<0.0001*	839 (62%)	83 (6%)	423 (32%)	0.48
2010-2011 Cohort
4th grade	17.5	25.3	*<0.0001*	245 (66%)	36 (10%)	89 (24%)	*<0.0001*
5th grade	19.1	26.3	*<0.0001*	259 (81%)	21 (7%)	40 (13%)	*<0.0001*
2011-2012 Data*
2010-2011 Cohort
5th grade	16.6	19.0	*<0.0001*	188 (65%)	35 (12%)	66 (23%)

*Data not available for 4th graders in the 2010–2011 cohort in 2011–2012. Data not available for 2011–2012 for the 2011–2012 cohort.
^†Paired two-sample t-tests used to evaluate significant differences in pre as compared to post measurements. Chi squared tests used to evaluate differences in student-level change by grade. Alpha = 0.0005.

ISSN: 1479-5868