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Table 3 Exploratory and confirmatory factor loadings† for four-factor models by urbanicity, for the exploratory sample (n = 6,388)

From: Assessing urban and rural neighborhood characteristics using audit and GIS data: derivation and reliability of constructs

 

Arterial or Thoroughfare

Walkable Neighborhood

Physical Incivilities

Decoration

(Item #)* Description

Urban

Rural

Urban

Rural

Urban

Rural

Urban

Rural

 

EFA

4-CFA

EFA

4-CFA

EFA

4-CFA

EFA

4-CFA

EFA

4-CFA

EFA

4-CFA

EFA

4-CFA

EFA

4-CFA

(GIS) Cul-de-sac

-0.65

-0.60

-0.76

-0.74

            

(GIS) 3-/4-way intersection

0.38

0.35

0.44

0.43

            

(GIS) High speed limit

0.70

0.81

NI

0.78

            

(4) Poor condition of residential units

        

0.89

0.93

0.74

0.89

    

(5) Poor condition of residential grounds

        

0.80

0.79

0.55

0.71

    

(7) Presence of porches

            

0.44

0.57

0.67

0.56

(8) Presence of decoration

            

0.54

0.98

0.85

0.99

(9) Presence of border

            

0.47

0.23

0.33

0.22

(11) Presence of abandoned residential units

        

0.60

0.65

0.62

0.57

    

(12) Presence of commercial use

0.52

0.60

0.36

0.44

            

(15) Presence of religious structures

0.44

0.48

0.12

0.00

            

(17) Presence of burned/abandoned nonresidential units

        

0.32

0.53

0.60

0.45

    

(21) Condition of public spaces not excellent

        

0.55

0.47

0.33

0.51

    

(22&23) Visible/active child/youth

    

0.51

0.49

0.37

0.38

        

(22&23) Visible/active adult

    

0.51

0.41

0.46

0.15

        

(24) Presence of neighborhood park or playground

    

0.87

0.83

0.53

0.33

        

(26) Presence of dogs

        

0.14

0.00

0.39

0.33

    

(27) Amount of litter

        

0.56

0.72

0.73

0.62

    

(31) Wider sidewalk buffer

0.60

0.46

0.45

0.44

0.39

0.39

0.65

0.76

        

(30&32) Sidewalk in good condition

0.61

0.48

0.40

0.52

0.53

0.62

0.73

0.85

        

(34) Presence of trails

    

0.48

0.41

0.18

0.00

        

(36) Pedestrian oriented lighting

    

0.55

0.62

0.49

0.53

-0.63

-0.47

-0.73

-0.58

    

(37) Presence of bus facilities

0.64

0.69

NI

0.00

            

(38) Many lanes to cross

0.74

0.82

0.84

0.93

            

(39) Paved road

0.49

0.39

0.79

0.79

            

(41) Shoulder or bike lane

0.47

0.64

0.71

0.62

            

(42) On-street parking allowed

    

0.42

0.35

0.54

0.76

        

(43_4) Pavement markings, crosswalk

0.85

0.82

NI

0.62

            

(43_5) Yield to pedestrian paddles, signal, crossing street sign

0.77

0.78

0.35

0.56

0.28

0.38

0.60

0.48

        

(43_12) Neighborhood entrance sign

    

0.74

0.80

0.45

0.50

        

(43_14) No trespassing sign

        

0.42

0.34

0.63

0.52

    

(43††) Control devices oriented for cars

    

0.46

0.47

0.45

0.25

        
  1. † Fifteen items with EFA factor loadings < 0.4 were excluded from the table: short segment (GIS), steep segment (GIS), type of front yard (#6), security warning sign (#10), industrial land (#13), agricultural land (#14), home business (#18), vacant or underdeveloped land (#19), graffiti (#29), footpath (#33), trees (#35), road oriented lighting (#36), neighborhood crime watch (#43_13), beware of dog or invisible fence signs (#43_15), and signs for cars regarding bike/pedestrian (combined index from #43_2, #43_6, and #43_7).
  2. NI Not included because residual variances were negative due to small cell count.
  3. The eigenvalues of the correlation matrix for the EFA in urban segments were 7.3, 5.6, 4.2, and 2.9 and in rural segments were 7.4, 5.1, 3.7, and 3.4 for arterial or thoroughfare, walkable neighborhood, physical incivilities, and decoration, respectively.
  4. Correlated errors: cul-de-sac with speed; visible/active child/youth with visible/active audlts; sidewalk buffer with sidewalk condition.
  5. †† Derived as a count for presence of traffic lights, stop signs, speed bumps, median/traffic islands, and curb extensions (#43_1, 43_3, 43_9, 43_10, and 43_11).
  6. *The item number corresponds to the question number in supplementary file #1.
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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