| Baseline | 12 months | Changes |  |  | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Unadjusted mean (SD) | Unadjusted mean (SD) | Unadjusted mean | Adjusted mean | p-value * | p-value †|
Physical functioning | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
   Control | 86.8 (11.7) | 84.5 (15.5) | -2.3 | -2.6 | Ref |  |
   Diet | 86.2 (11.0) | 88.1 (15.9) | 1.9 | 1.2 | 0.03 |  |
   Exercise | 87.8 (11.1) | 87.6 (15.0) | -0.2 | -0.1 | 0.17 |  |
   Diet + Exercise | 86.7 (12.1) | 92.4 (11.3) | 5.7 | 5.5 | < 0.001 b |  |
Role-physical | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
   Control | 81.6 (30.1) | 78.7 (32.0) | -2.9 | -3.7 | Ref |  |
   Diet | 83.5 (26.8) | 82.8 (30.4) | -0.7 | -0.3 | 0.36 |  |
   Exercise | 82.8 (29.3) | 78.7 (32.7) | -4.1 | -4.1 | 0.93 |  |
   Diet + Exercise | 83.5 (25.9) | 92.5 (18.9) | 9.0 | 9.6 | < 0.001 b |  |
Bodily pain | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.12 |
   Control | 75.8 (17.2) | 72.6 (18.2) | -3.2 | -4.6 | Ref |  |
   Diet | 76.9 (15.1) | 76.8 (21.2) | -0.1 | -1.1 | 0.15 |  |
   Exercise | 77.8 (16.5) | 74.5 (20.7) | -3.3 | -3.8 | 0.74 |  |
   Diet + Exercise | 78.8 (16.8) | 79.1 (17.5) | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.04 |  |
General health | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.57 |
   Control | 57.1 (8.0) | 56.4 (7.1) | -0.7 | -0.5 | Ref |  |
   Diet | 55.9 (7.7) | 56.9 (7.3) | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.24 |  |
   Exercise | 56.9 (6.7) | 56.4 (7.3) | -0.5 | -0.5 | 0.97 |  |
   Diet + Exercise | 57.6 (6.4) | 56.9 (7.3) | -0.7 | -0.3 | 0.81 |  |
Vitality | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
   Control | 57.4 (16.0) | 59.2 (17.9) | 1.8 | 0.4 | Ref |  |
   Diet | 56.6 (17.7) | 65.7 (17.2) | 9.1 | 7.2 | < 0.001 |  |
   Exercise | 60.3 (16.3) | 62.9 (17.6) | 2.6 | 2.8 | 0.25 |  |
   Diet + Exercise | 58.7 (18.6) | 70.2 (17.2) | 11.5 | 11.2 | < 0.001 a |  |
Social functioning | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.43 |
   Control | 87.8 (18.0) | 86.9 (17.5) | -0.9 | -2.5 | Ref |  |
   Diet | 88.1 (17.1) | 87.2 (18.6) | -0.9 | -3.1 | 0.83 |  |
   Exercise | 91.4 (13.1) | 88.5 (18.9) | -2.9 | -4.0 | 0.58 |  |
   Diet + Exercise | 90.8 (13.4) | 91.6 (17.0) | 0.8 | -0.2 | 0.37 |  |
Role-emotional | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.09 |
   Control | 84.1 (26.9) | 83.3 (31.8) | -0.8 | -3.3 | Ref |  |
   Diet | 82.2 (28.5) | 85.6 (27.4) | 3.4 | -0.8 | 0.51 |  |
   Exercise | 87.5 (25.5) | 81.4 (32.5) | -6.1 | -6.2 | 0.45 |  |
   Diet + Exercise | 88.6 (20.1) | 90.3 (22.8) | 1.7 | 2.5 | 0.13 |  |
Mental health | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.06 |
   Control | 77.1 (13.5) | 77.3 (14.5) | 0.2 | -0.8 | Ref |  |
   Diet | 76.8 (13.1) | 80.2 (13.0) | 3.4 | 2.2 | 0.05 |  |
   Exercise | 81.1 (10.0) | 81.2 (11.7) | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.29 |  |
   Diet + Exercise | 79.1 (12.3) | 82.3 (12.6) | 3.2 | 3.1 | 0.01 |  |