From: Changes in mode of travel to work: a natural experimental study of new transport infrastructure
All participants at wave 1 | Analysis sample (valid wave 1 and wave 4) | Participants in wave 1, but not wave 4 (drop-out)a | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | mean | st.d. | n | % | mean | st.d. | n | % | mean | st.d. | ||
Distance from home to busway (km) | 1155 | 6.6 | 7.8 | 466 | 6.5 | 7.9 | 659 | 6.7 | 7.7 | ||||
Proximity to busway (-√km) | 1155 | −2.2 | 1.4 | 466 | −2.1 | 1.4 | 659 | −2.2 | 1.4 | ||||
Commute distance (km) | 1158 | 11.1 | 9.4 | 469 | 10.9 | 9.4 | 659 | 11.4 | 9.5 | ||||
Change in commute distance (km) | 450 | 0.2 | 4.9 | ||||||||||
Change in travel time to work by public transport (min) | 443 | −0.1 | 11.1 | ||||||||||
Change in proximity to busway (km) | 450 | 0.2 | 4.9 | ||||||||||
Moved home | No | 359 | 76.4 | ||||||||||
Yes | 111 | 23.6 | |||||||||||
Moved workplace | No | 357 | 76 | ||||||||||
Yes | 113 | 24 | |||||||||||
Gender | Male | 367 | 31.5 | 157 | 33.4 | 205 | 30.9 | ||||||
Female | 797 | 68.5 | 313 | 66.6 | 459 | 69.1 | |||||||
Age | ≤30 | 197 | 17 | 58 | 12.4 | 135 | 20.4 | ||||||
31–40 | 327 | 28.2 | 111 | 23.7 | 207 | 31.3 | |||||||
41–50 | 305 | 26.3 | 139 | 29.6 | 160 | 24.2 | |||||||
51–60 | 246 | 21.2 | 122 | 26 | 114 | 17.2 | |||||||
61+ | 85 | 7.3 | 39 | 8.3 | 46 | 6.95 | |||||||
Education level | Degree | 837 | 72.3 | 350 | 74.6 | 471 | 71.4 | ||||||
Less than degree | 321 | 27.7 | 119 | 25.4 | 189 | 28.6 | |||||||
Housing tenure | Not owner | 319 | 27.5 | 103 | 22 | 204 | 30.9 | ||||||
Owner | 840 | 72.5 | 365 | 78 | 457 | 69.1 | |||||||
Driving licence | No | 113 | 9.7 | 37 | 7.9 | 72 | 10.9 | ||||||
Yes | 1049 | 90.3 | 432 | 92.1 | 591 | 89.1 | |||||||
Access to a bicycle | No | 182 | 15.7 | 63 | 13.5 | 191 | 28.8 | ||||||
Yes | 974 | 84.3 | 404 | 86.51 | 473 | 71.2 | |||||||
Children in household | No | 820 | 70.5 | 324 | 68.9 | 473 | 71.2 | ||||||
Yes | 344 | 29.6 | 146 | 31.1 | 191 | 28.8 | |||||||
New child in household | No | 444 | 94.5 | ||||||||||
Yes | 26 | 5.5 | |||||||||||
Physical health (PCS-8) | 1156 | 53.7 | 6.3 | 468 | 53.9 | 6.3 | 658 | 53.6 | 6.4 | ||||
Mental health (MCS-8) | 1156 | 50.6 | 8.1 | 468 | 51.7 | 7.1 | 658 | 49.9 | 8.6 | ||||
Limiting health condition | No | 1040 | 89.7 | 429 | 91.7 | 582 | 88.1 | ||||||
Yes | 119 | 10.3 | 39 | 8.3 | 79 | 12 | |||||||
Difficulty walking | No | 1143 | 98.5 | 464 | 98.9 | 651 | 98.3 | ||||||
Yes | 18 | 1.6 | 5 | 1.1 | 11 | 1.7 | |||||||
Type of settlement | Urban (>10,000) | 767 | 66 | 316 | 67.4 | 427 | 64.3 | ||||||
Town & Fringe | 226 | 19.4 | 80 | 17.1 | 144 | 21.7 | |||||||
Village, Hamlet & Isolated Dwellings | 170 | 14.6 | 73 | 15.6 | 93 | 14.0 | |||||||
Car parking at work | No | 371 | 32.3 | 151 | 32.4 | 208 | 31.8 | ||||||
Yes, paid | 351 | 30.6 | 143 | 30.7 | 201 | 30.7 | |||||||
Yes, free | 427 | 37.2 | 172 | 36.9 | 245 | 37.5 | |||||||
Change in car parking at work from parking to no parking | No | 405 | 86.2 | ||||||||||
Yes | 65 | 13.8 | |||||||||||
Car ownership | No car | 175 | 15.0 | 57 | 12.1 | 112 | 16.9 | ||||||
One car | 525 | 45.1 | 225 | 47.9 | 287 | 43.2 | |||||||
Two or more cars | 464 | 39.9 | 188 | 40.0 | 265 | 39.9 | |||||||
Baseline proportion of trips involving any active travelb | 1141 | 0.67 | 0.43 | 467 | 0.69 | 0.42 | 648 | 0.65 | 0.44 | ||||
Baseline proportion of trips involving any public transportb | 1141 | 0.15 | 0.32 | 467 | 0.15 | 0.32 | 648 | 0.14 | 0.32 | ||||
Baseline proportion of trips made entirely by carb | 1141 | 0.27 | 0.4 | 467 | 0.24 | 0.38 | 648 | 0.29 | 0.42 | ||||
Baseline number of commute tripsc | 1164 | 9.2 | 2.8 | 470 | 9.3 | 2.6 | 664 | 9.2 | 2.8 |