Publication | Study | Study design | Quality score (0-1) | Number of EU countries | Number of EU partici-pants | Demographics | Sedentary time assessment method | Reported sedentary time variable | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age range | Gender, girls | SES | Weight status | ||||||||
Biddle et al. (2009) a [ 22 ] | / | CS | 0.91 | 3 | 623 | 13-18y | 60.4Â % | 15.0 - 36.1Â % low SES | n.r. | Ecological Momentary Assessment diary | min/weekday and min/weekend day technical sedentary behaviours, social sedentary behaviours |
Soos et al. (2012) [23] | / | CS | 0.83 | 2 | 635 | 13.1-18.0y | 60.5Â % | n.r. | n.r. | Ecological Momentary Assessment diary | min/day television viewing, doing homework, motorised transport, sitting and talking, computer use, reading, sitting doing nothing, videogames |
Soos et al. (2014) [ 24 ] | / | CS | 0.86 | 4 | 700 | 11.9-17.9y | 57Â % | n.r. | n.r. | Ecological Momentary Assessment diary | min/day television viewing, computer use, playing computer games, telephone use, motorised transport, sitting and talking, doing homework, reading |
Cinar & Murtomaa (2008) a [ 25 ] | / | CS | 0.77 | 2 | 619 | 10-12y | 43.9 - 49.1Â % | n.r. | 18.7Â kg/m2 | Child questionnaire | % favorable: <2Â h/day television viewing % unfavorable: >2Â h/day television viewing |
Hanewinkel et al. (2012) [ 26 ] | / | CS | 0.95 | 6 | 16551 | 10-19y | 49 % | 10 % low SES | n.r. | Child questionnaire | h/schoolday television viewing: % None, % less than 1 h, % 1–2 h, % 3–4 h, % >4 h |
Börnhorst et al. (2015) [ 27 ] | COSI | CS | 0.95 | 5 | 10453 | 6.0-9.9y | 49.4 % | 16.5 % par. Master’s degree or higher | 26.9 % over-weight | Child questionnaire | h/day television time, computer time, screen-time |
Brug et al. (2012) a [ 28 ] | ENERGY | CS | 1.00 | 7 | 7234 | 10-12y | 52Â % | 15.7-48.4Â % low par. edu. | 18.1 - 20.6Â kg/m2 | Child questionnaire | min/day screen-time, television viewing and computer use (FQ and 24Â h-recall) |
Brug et al. (2012)a [29] | ENERGY | CS | 0.91 | 7 | 7307 | 10-12y | 52Â % | 29-59Â % low par. edu. | 19.0-19.5Â kg/m2 | Child questionnaire | min/day screen-time |
Fernandez-Alvira et al. (2013) [30] | ENERGY | CS | 0.95 | 7 | 5284 | 10-12y | 54.3Â % | 32.5Â % low par. edu. | 20.4Â % over-weight | Child questionnaire | min/day screen-time |
van Stralen et al. (2014) [ 31 ] | ENERGY | CS | 0.95 | 5 | 1025 | 10-12y | 51 % | 45 % low par. edu. | 19.0 kg/m2 | ActiGraph accelerometer | min/school-time sedentary time + percentage of total school-time spent in sedentary activities |
Verloigne et al. (2012) [ 32 ] | ENERGY | CS | 0.95 | 5 | 687 | 10-12y | 53Â % | n.r. | 19.0Â kg/m2 | ActiGraph accelerometer | min/day sedentary time |
Yildirim et al. (2014) [33] | ENERGY | CS | 0.95 | 5 | 722 | 10-12y | 53Â % | 14Â % not speaking native language at home | n.r. | ActiGraph accelerometer | min/day sedentary time |
Ekelund et al. (2004) [34] | EYHS | CS | 1.00 | 4 | 1292 | 9-10y | 50.6Â % | n.r. | 17.2Â kg/m2 | MTI ActiGraph accelerometer | % sedentary activity per day |
Jago et al. (2008) [35] | EYHS | CS | 0.95 | 4 | 2670 | 9y and 15y | 51.1 % | n.r. | 13.1 % over-weight | Child questionnaire | % <2 h, % ≥2 h television viewing after school % <1 h, % ≥1 h/day computer use |
Nilsson et al. (2009) a [ 36 ] | EYHS | CS | 1.00 | 4 | 1954 | 9y and 15y | 47.9 – 63.2 % | n.r. | n.r. | MTI ActiGraph accelerometer | min/weekday, min/weekend day, min/school-time, min/leisure-time sedentary time |
Ortega et al. (2013) a [ 37 ] | EYHS | LT cohort | 0.91 | 2 | 503 | 15y and 18y | 55.4-56.7 % | 27.6-33.3 % mother university (baseline) | 16.4 – 17.3 kg/m2 (base-line) | ActiGraph accelerometer | min/day, weekday and weekend day sedentary time |
van Sluijs et al. (2008) a [ 38 ] | EYHS | CS | 0.95 | 4 | 2107 | 9y and 15y | 43.9-54.4Â % | 6.7-10.8 mean edu./income (3-16) | 18.1-19.2Â kg/m2 | Child questionnaire | % >1Â h television before school % >2Â h television after school % >1Â h/day computer use |
Janssen et al. (2005) a [ 39 ] | HBSC 01/02 | CS | 0.95 | 29 | 128845 | 10-16y | 47.1 - 53.3Â % | n.r. | 5.1 - 25.4Â % over-weight | Child questionnaire | % high television viewing = >3Â h/weekday % high computer use = >2Â h/weekday |
Kuntsche et al. (2006) [40] | HBSC 01/02 | CS | 0.91 | 5 | 19877 | 11y, 13y, 15y | 52.6Â % | n.r. | n.r. | Child questionnaire | h/weekday and h/weekend day television viewing |
Richter et al. (2009)a [41] | HBSC 01/02 | CS | 0.95 | 24 | 76794 | 13y, 15y | 52.2 % | 22.7-41.9 % low FAS | n.r. | Child questionnaire | % ≥ 4 h/day television viewing |
Vereecken et al. (2006) [42] | HBSC 01/02 | CS | 0.91 | 28 | 148150 | 11y, 13y, 15y | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | Child questionnaire | h/day television viewing |
HBSC report 2004a [43] | HBSC 01/02 | CS | 0.73 | 28 | 146368 | 11y, 13y, 15y | 51.5 % | 27.6 % low FAS | 7.1 – 12.1 % pre-obese | Child questionnaire | % ≥4 h/weekday and weekend day television viewing % ≥3 h/weekday and weekend day computer use % ≥3 h/weekday and weekend day homework |
Haug et al. (2009) a [ 44 ] | HBSC 05/06 | CS | 1.00 | 34 | 187657 | 11y, 13y, 15y | 49.3 % | n.r. | 6.3 – 18.5 % pre-obese | Child questionnaire | % less than 2 h/day television viewing, computer games, computer use |
Torsheim et al. (2010) [45] | HBSC 05/06 | CS | 0.91 | 5 | 31022 (all 6 countries) | 11y, 13y, 15y | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | Child questionnaire | h/day of computer use, computer games, television viewing |
HBSC report 2008a [46] | HBSC 05/06 | CS | 0.68 | 35 | 188147 | 11y, 13y, 15y | 50.7 % | 2-70 % low FAS | 13-14 % over-weight | Child questionnaire | % ≥2 h/weekday television viewing, computer use, computer games/game console |
Nuutinen et al. (2015) [47] | HBSC 09/10 | CS | 1.00 | 3 | 5402 | 15y | 53Â % | n.r. | n.r. | Child questionnaire | h:min/day computer use schooldays |
HBSC report 2012a [48] | HBSC 09/10 | CS | 0.68 | 35 | 178531 | 11y, 13y, 15y | 51 % | 2 %-42 % low FAS | 10-18 % over-weight | Child questionnaire | % ≥ 2 h/weekday of television viewing |
Bucksch et al. (2016) a [ 49 ] | HBSC 01/02, HBSC 05/06, HBSC 09/10 | CS | 0.82 | 24 | 443821 (total sample) | 11y, 13y, 15y | 51.2-51.4Â % | n.r. | n.r. | Child questionnaire | h/weekday and weekend day television viewing, computer use |
(total sample) | |||||||||||
HBSC report 2016 a [ 50 ] | HBSC 13/14 | CS | 0.64 | 36 | 199316 | 11y, 13y, 15y | 50.7 % | 38-76 FAS score (0-100) | 15 % over-weight | Child questionnaire | % ≥ 2 h/weekday of television viewing % ≥ 2 h/weekday of computer use ≥2 h/weekday of playing games |
Atkin et al. (2014) a [ 51 ] | ICAD | Pooled data (CS and LT) | 0.82 | 5 | 5474 | 8-17y | 48.9-56.7 % | 4.8-52.6 % mother university | 9.4-24.0 % over-weight | Child or parental questionnaire | % ≥ 2/day screen time |
Ekelund et al. (2012) a [ 52 ] | ICAD | Pooled data (CS and LT) | 0.91 | 7 | 15614 | 4-18y | 51.6Â % | n.r. | 19.1-19.4Â kg/m2 | ActiGraph accelerometer | min/day sedentary time |
Hildebrand et al. (2015) [53] | ICAD | Pooled data (CS and LT) | 0.91 | 6 | 10367 | 6-18y | 53Â % | n.r. | 15.9Â % over-weight; 4.8Â % obese | ActiGraph accelerometer | min/day sedentary time |
Hense et al. (2011) [ 54 ] | IDEFICS | CS | 0.91 | 8 | 8542 | 2-9y | 49.2Â % | 27.2Â % low SES | 20.2Â % over-weight | Parental questionnaire | h/day screen-time. % not at all, % <0.5Â h, % 0.5-1Â h, % 1-2Â h, % 2-3Â h, % >3Â h |
Hunsberger et al. (2012)a [55] | IDEFICS | CS | 0.86 | 8 | 12720 | 2-9y | 47.7-51.4 % | 1.2 – 30.8 % low edu. household | 7.7 – 41.9 % over-weight | Parental questionnaire | % <1 h/day screen-time |
Kovà cs et al. (2015) [56] | IDEFICS | CS | 0.95 | 16 | 16228 | 2-9.9y | 49.1 % | 10.7 % low edu. level | Mean BMI z-score: 0.33 | Parental questionnaire | % <1 h/day screen-time (pre-schoolers) % <2 h/day screen-time (school children) |
Mitchell et al. (2013) [ 57 ] | ISAAC | CS | 0.86 | 6-7y: 6 | 6-7ys: 33901 | 6-7y and 13-14y | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | Child questionnaire | h/day television viewing: % < 1 h, % 1-3 h, % 3-5 h, % > 5 h |
13-14y: 7 | 13-14y: 61954 | ||||||||||
Katzmaryk et al. (2015)a [58] | ISCOLE | CS | 0.95 | 3 | 1664 | 9-11y | 53.8-55.9Â % | n.r. | 17.7-19.5Â kg/m2 | ActiGraph accelerometer | min/day sedentary time |
LeBlanc et al. (2015) a [ 59 ] | ISCOLE | CS | 0.95 | 3 | 1496 | 9-11y | 53.1-57.2 % | 21.1-73.2 % high par. edu. | 24.3-45.7 % over-weight | ActiGraph accelerometer and child questionnaire | h/day sedentary time h/day screen-time % ≥ 2 h/day of screen-time |
Klepp et al. (2007) a [ 60 ] | Pro Children | CS | 1.00 | 9 | 12773 | 8.8-13.8y | 49.8Â % | 71.6 - 82.1Â % not in social class I-II | n.r. | Child questionnaire | h/day television viewing |
te Velde et al. (2007) [ 61 ] | Pro Children | CS | 0.95 | 9 | 12538 | 8.8-13.8y | 50.1Â % | n.r. | n.r. | Child questionnaire | % <2Â h/day television viewing % >1Â h/day computer use |
De Craemer et al. (2015) [ 62 ] | Toybox | CS | 0.95 | 6 | 8117 | 3.5-5.5y | 47Â % | n.r. | n.r. | Parental questionnaire | min/weekday and weekend day television viewing, computer use, quiet play % <1Â h/day screen-time weekday and weekend day |
van Stralen et al. (2012) a [ 63 ] | ToyBox | Pooled data (CS) | 0.91 | 5 | 6097 | 4-7y | 47.4 - 52.0 % | n.r. | 15.9 – 16.8 kg/m2 | Parental questionnaire | h/day television viewing, % ≥ 2 h/day of television viewing, h/day screen-time, min/day sedentary time (sedentary play-time + screen-time) |