Table 1 Characteristics of participants overall and by frequency of consuming home cooked meals
Covariatea | Consumption of home cooked main meals | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | <3×/week | 3-5×/week | >5×/week | ||
n = 11,396 (100.00%) | n = 704 (6.18%) | n = 3688 (32.36%) | n = 7004 (61.46%) | ||
Sex | Male | 5321 | 389 (7.31) | 1914 (35.97) | 3018 (56.72) |
Female | 6075 | 315 (5.19) | 1774 (29.20) | 3986 (65.61) | |
Age (years) | Median (IQR) | 48.9 (42.7, 54.8) | 47.1 (41.7, 53.3) | 48.3 (42.2, 53.9) | 49.5 (43.1, 55.3) |
Alcohol (grams/day) | Median (IQR) | 5.47 (1.27, 10.72) | 3.90 (0.76, 9.56) | 5.47 (1.30, 10.56) | 5.47 (1.27, 10.88) |
Age at leaving full-time education (years) | ≤16 | 4570 | 351 (7.68) | 1709 (37.40) | 2510 (54.92) |
>16 to ≤18 | 2521 | 148 (5.87) | 839 (33.28) | 1534 (60.85) | |
>18 | 4305 | 205 (4.76) | 1140 (26.48) | 2960 (68.76) | |
Smoker | No | 10,045 | 569 (5.66) | 3133 (31.19) | 6343 (63.15) |
Yes | 1351 | 135 (9.99) | 555 (41.08) | 661 (48.93) | |
Family History of diabetesb | No | 8677 | 535 (6.17) | 2796 (32.22) | 5346 (61.61) |
Yes | 2719 | 169 (6.22) | 892 (32.81) | 1658 (60.98) | |
Physical activity (kJc/kgd/day) | Median (IQR) | 51.00 (37.84, 66.75) | 49.64 (35.82, 65.82) | 51.57 (38.22, 67.64) | 50.89 (37.88, 66.27) |
Working in past 4Â weeks | No | 1959 | 118 (6.02) | 563 (28.74) | 1278 (65.24) |
Yes | 9437 | 586 (6.21) | 3125 (33.11) | 5726 (60.68) | |
Working hours | Median (IQR) | 33.0 (14.0, 40.0) | 37.0 (20.0, 43.7) | 35.0 (17.5, 41.0) | 30.0 (12.0, 40.0) |
Overtime work (>48Â h/week) | No | 10,116 | 592 (5.85) | 3243 (32.06) | 6281 (62.09) |
Yes | 1280 | 112 (8.75) | 445 (34.77) | 723 (56.48) | |
Outcomei | Â | ||||
Vitamin C (umol/le) | Median (IQR) | 69.40 (56.00, 82.00) | 63.15 (44.73, 77.38) | 66.80 (52.70, 80.10) | 71.1 (58.5, 83.4) |
Fruit intake (grams/day) | Median (IQR) | 207.10 (111.61, 329.50) | 142.53 (60.08, 264.19) | 180.53 (93.10, 293.10) | 226.83 (131.16, 353.04) |
Vegetable intake (grams/day) | Median (IQR) | 258.95 (188.89, 348.56) | 174.41 (111.92, 257.26) | 234.59 (172.55, 310.33) | 280.56 (209.53, 375.83) |
DASH scoref | Median (IQR) | 24 (21, 27) | 22 (19, 25) | 23 (20, 26) | 25 (22, 28) |
MDSg | Median (IQR) | 9 (7,11) | 7 (6, 10) | 8 (6, 10) | 10 (7, 11) |
Excess body fat (≥25% men; ≥38% women) | No | 4831 | 246 (5.09) | 1399 (28.96) | 3186 (65.95) |
Yes | 6565 | 458 (6.98) | 2289 (34.87) | 3818 (58.16) | |
Overweight BMIh (≥25.0) | No | 4384 | 211 (4.81) | 1290 (29.43) | 2883 (65.76) |
Yes | 7012 | 493 (7.03) | 2398 (34.20) | 4121 (58.77) | |
High cholesterol ratio (≥4.0) | No | 7234 | 400 (5.53) | 2209 (30.54) | 4625 (63.93) |
Yes | 4162 | 304 (7.30) | 1479 (35.54) | 2379 (57.16) | |
High HbA1c i(≥42.00) | No | 10,207 | 608 (5.96) | 3265 (31.99) | 6334 (62.06) |
Yes | 1189 | 96 (8.07) | 423 (35.58) | 670 (56.35) | |
Hypertension | No | 8561 | 516 (6.03) | 2761 (32.25) | 5283 (61.72) |
Yes | 2836 | 188 (6.63) | 927 (32.69) | 1721 (60.68) | |