Table 2 Results from univariable meta-regression analysis exploring moderating effects of behaviour change techniques on physical activity outcomes

Action planning

7

0.42 (0.07–0.78)*

0.07

0.22 (0.03–0.46)

Graded tasks

6

0.33 (−0.04–0.67)

0.18

0.21 (0.02–0.49)

Review behaviour goal(s)

2

0.27 (−0.33–0.89)

0.28

0.29 (0.06–0.55)

Monitoring of behaviour by others without feedback

6

0.18 (−0.22–0.54)

0.19

0.26 (0.03–0.54)

Problem solving

4

0.13 (− 0.28–0.54)

0.25

0.30 (0.07–0.58)

Goal setting (behaviour)

6

0.11 (−0.30–0.53)

0.25

0.32 (0.09–0.59)

Social support (unspecified)

6

0.11 (−0.29–0.51)

0.26

0.31 (0.08–0.59)

Feedback on behaviour

10

0.06 (−0.46–0.57)

0.27

0.32 (0.07–0.61)

Prompts/cues

7

0.02 (−0.42–0.44)

0.29

0.31 (0.08–0.59)

Social reward

5

−0.01 (− 0.43–0.41)

0.31

0.31 (0.08–0.59)

Feedback on outcome(s) of behaviour

2

−0.10 (− 0.80–0.60)

0.31

0.30 (0.08–0.57)

Instruction on how to perform behaviour

5

−0.11 (− 0.50–0.30)

0.35

0.30 (0.07–0.57)

Goal setting (outcome)

3

−0.12 (− 0.54–0.30)

0.36

0.32 (0.09–0.60)

Social support (emotional)

2

−0.14 (− 0.68–0.35)

0.34

0.32 (0.11–0.59)

Credible source

8

−0.20 (− 0.61–0.20)

0.43

0.28 (0.05–0.55)

Discrepancy between current behaviour and goal

2

−0.31 (− 0.72–0.09)

0.40

0.26 (0.04–0.52)

Monitoring of outcome(s) of behaviour without feedback

4

−0.35 (− 0.77–0.04)

0.40

0.27 (0.06–0.53)

Information about health consequences

6

−0.42 (− 0.74--0.07)*

0.56

0.16 (0.01–0.40)

Self-monitoring of outcome(s) of behaviour

5

− 0.47 (− 0.79--0.16)*

0.54

0.16 (0.02–0.38)

Biofeedback

7

−0.47 (− 0.81--0.15)*

0.60

0.15 (0.01–0.39)