Table 2 Association between individual behaviour change techniques and effectiveness of habit formation interventions
BCTs | N | Associations (β, 90% CI) with effectiveness of habit formation interventions | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Crude model | Model 1 |
Problem solving | 4 | 0.36 (0.17–0.55) ** | 0.28 (0.04–0.52) * |
Action planning | 9 | 0.25 (-0.34–0.84) | 0.42 (-0.03–0.87) |
Habit formation | 6 | 0.23 (-0.06–0.53) | 0.15 (-0.23–0.51) |
Feedback on behavior | 2 | 0.22 (-0.12–0.56) | 0.19 (-0.10–0.49) |
Information about antecedents | 2 | 0.19 (-0.31–0.69) | 0.09 (-0.43–0.61) |
Goal setting (behavior) | 4 | 0.18 (-0.16–0.52) | 0.04 (-0.46–0.53) |
Goal setting (outcome) | 2 | 0.08 (-0.52–0.37) | 0.04 (-0.44–0.51) |
Social support (unspecified) | 3 | 0.07 (-0.32–0.46) | 0.16 (-0.16–0.49) |
Instruction on how to perform behavior | 4 | 0.04 (-0.35–0.43) | 0.04 (-0.32–0.40) |
Self-reward | 3 | 0.03 (-0.40–0.46) | -0.16 (-0.67–0.25) |
Self-monitoring of behavior | 6 | 0.02 (-0.40–0.46) | 0.03 (-0.35–0.40) |
Behavioral practice / Rehearsal | 3 | 0.01 (-0.43–0.40) | 0.11 (-0.33–0.55) |
Prompts/cues | 5 | -0.05 (-0.44–0.34) | -0.16 (-0.52–0.2) |
Restructuring the physical environment | 2 | -0.10 (-0.63–0.42) | -0.10 (-0.60–0.40) |
Habit reversal | 2 | -0.10 (-0.63–0.42) | -0.10 (-0.60–0.40) |
Information about health consequences | 2 | -0.14 (-0.63–0.35) | 0.05 (-0.63–0.73) |
Social reward | 2 | -0.20 (-0.66–0.26) | -0.40 (-0.74–0.06) * |
Demonstration of the behavior | 3 | -0.25 (-0.60–0.09) | -0.17 (-0.60–0.25) |