Table 1 Summary of participant characteristics. Values are mean ± SD for continuous variables, and n (%) for categorical variables

Age (y)

29.5 ± 6.1

32.4 ± 10.6

30.7 ± 8.2

Height (cm)

168.3 ± 7.8

176.7 ± 4.5

171.8 ± 7.8

Weight (kg)

68.7 ± 9.8

80.7 ± 10.7

73.7 ± 11.6

BMI (kg/m²)

24.4 ± 4.5

25.8 ± 3.0

25.0 ± 4.0

Weight Status

 Healthy Weight

8 (57%)

5 (50%)

13 (54%)

 Overweight

4 (29%)

4 (40%)

8 (33%)

 Class 1 Obese

2 (14%)

1 (10%)

3 (12%)

Schofield BMR (kcal/day)

1,457 ± 112

1,843 ± 134

1,618 ± 228

Fat Free Mass (kg)

45.5 ± 5.1

62.3 ± 7.7

52.5 ± 10.4

Fat Mass (kg)

23.5 ± 8.8

18.4 ± 7.9

21.4 ± 8.7

Body Fat (%)

33.4 ± 8.7

22.4 ± 7.8

28.8 ± 9.9