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Table 5 Associations between total PHDI-C score, dietary recall characteristics, and nutritional composition of children’s dietsa

From: Adapting the Planetary Health Diet Index for children and adolescents

 

TOTAL PHDI-C SCORE b

 

Unadjusted estimates c

Adjusted estimates d

 

Mean (95% CI)

Diff (95% CI)

P-value

Mean (95% CI)

Diff (95% CI)

P -value

Dietary recall characteristics

Day of the dietary recall

 Weekday

50.49 (49.50, 51.49)

  

50.51 (49.51, 51.50)

  

 Weekend/holiday

47.52 (45.08, 49.95)

-2.97 (-5.61, -0.34)

0.027*

47.42 (44.97, 49.87)

-3.09 (-5.73, -0.44)

0.022*

Type of eating pattern e

 Typical

50.64 (49.63, 51.65)

  

50.65 (49.65, 51.66)

  

 Atypical

47.14 (44.86, 49.41)

-3.50 (-5.99, -1.02)

0.006*

47.08 (44.80, 49.36)

-3.57 (-6.06, -1.08)

0.005*

Type of diet f

 Normal

49.84 (48.89, 50.79)

  

49.84 (48.89, 50.79)

  

 Special

53.96 (50.04, 57.88)

4.12 (0.09, 8.15)

0.045*

53.98 (50.06, 57.90)

4.14 (0.11, 8.18)

0.044*

Reliability of the dietary recall g

 Reliable

50.26 (49.31, 51.21)

  

50.27 (49.31, 51.22)

  

 Unreliable

46.82 (42.94, 50.71)

-3.44 (-7.44, 0.56)

0.092

46.72 (42.83, 50.60)

-3.55 (-7.55, 0.45)

0.082

Diet nutritional composition

Energy

 Total energy intake, kcal/day

 

-0.00 (-0.00, 0.00)

0.835

 

-0.00 (-0.0, 0.0)

0.733

Macronutrients

 Total protein intake, % total energy

 

0.44 (0.19, 0.69)

0.001*

 

0.44 (0.19, 0.69)

0.001*

 Animal protein intake, % total energy

 

-0.46 (-0.69, -0.22)

 < 0.001*

 

-0.45 (-0.69, -0.22)

 < 0.001*

 Plant protein intake, % total energy

 

1.94 (1.59, 2.28)

 < 0.001*

 

1.94 (1.60, 2.28)

 < 0.001*

 Total fat intake, % total energy

 

-0.41 (-0.54, -0.27)

 < 0.001*

 

-0.41 (-0.55, -0.27)

 < 0.001*

 Saturated fats intake, % total energy

 

-2.00 (-2.24, -1.76)

 < 0.001*

 

-2.01 (-2.25, -1.76)

 < 0.001*

 Trans fats intake, % total energy

 

-11.03 (-14.12, -7.93)

 < 0.001*

 

-11.12 (-14.23, -8.01)

 < 0.001*

 Carbohydrates intake, % total energy

 

0.29 (0.17, 0.41)

 < 0.001*

 

0.29 (0.17, 0.41)

 < 0.001*

 Total sugars intake, % total energy

 

-0.14 (-0.24, -0.03)

0.012*

 

-0.14 (-0.24, -0.03)

0.011*

 Total fibre intake, g/1000 kcal

 

1.49 (1.32, 1.66)

 < 0.001*

 

1.49 (1.32, 1.66)

 < 0.001*

  1. Abbreviations: PHDI-C Planetary Health Diet Index for children and adolescents, CI Confidence interval, diff difference
  2. a958 participants (4–6 years) from the Food Environment Chilean Cohort (FECHiC) were included in the analysis
  3. bTotal PHDI-C score range: 0–150 points
  4. cEstimates and p-values from linear regressions models including one characteristic at a time
  5. dEstimates and p-values from linear regression models including one characteristic at a time, adjusted for child’s gender (female vs male) and age (i.e., 3–4 years vs 5–6 years)
  6. eTypical eating pattern refers to a recall from a regular day; atypical eating pattern refers to a recall from a special occasion such celebration, vacation, or sickness
  7. fNormal diet refers to an omnivorous diet with no dietary restriction of any kind; special diet refers to lactose free, gluten free, vegetarian, or vegan diets
  8. gUnreliable recalls refer to recalls where there is missing information on the amount consumed of some food items
  9. *P-value < 0.05
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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