Cooking skills, living alone, and mortality: JAGES cohort study

Table 5 The magnitude of the mediating effect of potential mediators on the association of mortality with cooking skills among older Japanese adults living alone from the JAGES cohort study (n = 1,498)

Model	Cooking skills	HR (95%CI)	Percentage of mediating effect^b
Base model^a	High	ref
Base model^a	Low	2.19 (1.32–3.65)
Base model + frequency of home cooking	High	ref
Base model + frequency of home cooking	Low	2.02 (1.17–3.48)	14.7
Base model + frequency of vegetable/fruit intake	High	ref
Base model + frequency of vegetable/fruit intake	Low	2.12 (1.27–3.52)	6.6
Base model + frequency of going out	High	ref
Base model + frequency of going out	Low	2.02 (1.21–3.37)	14.3
Base model + time spent walking/standing	High	ref
Base model + time spent walking/standing	Low	2.10 (1.26–3.51)	7.6
Base model + all mediators^c	High	ref
Base model + all mediators^c	Low	1.88 (1.08–3.27)	26.1

h = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; ref = reference group
Boldface indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05)
^a Model 2 in Table 4
^b [{(HR base model) - (HR base model with mediator)}/{(HR base model) − 1}] x 100
^c Mediators included frequency of home cooking, frequency of vegetable/fruit intake, frequency of going out, and time spent walking/standing

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