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Table 2 Effects of included trials on fatigue, fatigue type of outcome, questionnaire used for assessing fatigue, and quality of the studies

From: Behaviour change techniques used in lifestyle interventions that aim to reduce cancer-related fatigue in cancer survivors: a systematic review

First author (year)

Outcome type

Questionnaire*

Sig. Effect on fatigue

Quality of study

Galiano-Castillo (2016) [29]

Not specified/other

R-PFS

Yes

Acceptable

Pinto (2005) [34]

Not specified/other

POMS, Linear analog scale for fatigue

Yes

Low

Adams (2018) [54]

Not specified/other

FACIT-Fatigue Scale

Yes

Low

Koevoets (2022) [38]

Not specified/other

MFI

Yes

Acceptable

Vallance (2020) [40]

Not specified/other

FACIT-Fatigue Scale

Yes

Acceptable

Bantum (2014) [41]

Primary

BFI

No

Low

Cantarero-Villanueva (2012) [27]

Primary

POMS

Yes

High

Cantarero-Villanueva (2013) [28]

Primary

PFS, POMS

Yes

Acceptable

Fillion (2008) [31]

Primary

MFI

No

Acceptable

Kampshoff (2015) [42]

Primary

MFI

Yes

High

Prinsen (2013) [45]

Primary

CIS-Fatigue

Yes

Low

Repka (2018) [47]

Primary

PFI

No

Low

Saarto (2012) [30]

Primary

FACIT-Fatigue Scale

No

High

Willems (2017) [44]

Primary

CIS

Yes

Acceptable

Chang (2020) [55]

Primary (part of QoL)

EORTC-QLQ-C30 fatigue subscale

No

Acceptable

Mardani (2021) [53]

Primary (part of QoL)

EORTC-QLQ-C30

fatigue subscale

Yes

High

Ghavami (2017) [37,78]§

Primary, primary (part of QoL)

CFS + EORTC-QLQ-C30 fatigue subscale

Yes

Acceptable

Bennett (2007) [46]

Secondary

Schwartz Cancer Fatigue Scale

No

High

Hartman (2019) [35]

Secondary

PROMIS

No

Acceptable

Kim (2019) [49]

Secondary

FACIT-Fatigue Scale

No

High

Knols (2011) [52]

Secondary

FACT-An Subscale (= FACIT-Fatigue Scale)

No

Low

Pinto (2013) [51]

Secondary

FACIT-Fatigue Scale

No

Low

Short (2015) [32]

Secondary

FACIT-Fatigue Scale

No

Low

Yun (2020) [48]

Secondary

BFI

No

Low

Brown (2018) [50]

Secondary

FSI

Yes

Acceptable

Rogers (2017) [36]

Secondary

FSI

Yes

Acceptable

Thorsen (2005) [43]

Secondary

EORTC-QLQ-C30 fatigue subscale

Yes

Low

Hagstrom (2016) [33]

Secondary

FACIT-Fatigue Scale

Yes

High

Holtdirk (2021) [39]

Secondary

BFI

Yes

High

  1. * FACIT-Fatigue Scale, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Fatigue Scale; BFI, Brief Fatigue Inventory; (R)-PFS, (Revised) Piper Fatigue Scale; POMS, Profile of Mood States; FSI, Fatigue Symptom Inventory; PROMIS, Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System; EORTC-QLQ-C30, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-life Questionnaire Core 30; MFI, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory; CFS, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; FACT-An, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Anemia; CIS, Checklist Individual Strength -Fatigue
  2. Studies were labelled ‘effective’ when the decrease in fatigue from baseline to post-intervention was statistically significantly (P < 0.05) larger in the intervention group than in the control group
  3. Based on the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) checklist for Randomised controlled trials (20)
  4. § Studies had the same baseline characteristics and were consequently analysed as one study [37, 78]