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Table 3 Characteristics of primary papers included in the reviews

From: Determinants of physical activity in community-dwelling older adults: an umbrella review

Review

Number of studies included from the review

Percent of studies included in review

Study designs (XS/Long/Exp/NR)

Sex inclusion (F/M/Mixed/NR)

Reported use of covariates in analysis (Yes/No/NR)

Type of PA outcomes (Direct/SR/Both/Other/NR)

Barnett – 2017 [42]

100

XS 94%, Long 5%, Exp 1%

F 11%, M 2%, Mixed 81%, NR 4%

Y 82%, N 18%

D 20%, SR 73%, Both 5%

Cerin – 2017 [34]

42

XS 100%

F 2% Mixed 93% NR 5%

Y 93%, N 7%

SR 86%, NR 14%

Hong – 2008 [35]

37b

NR100%

NR100%

Y-MA

Adherence (100%)

Lindsay Smith – 2017 [44]

27

XS 81%, Long 11%, Exp 8%

F 15%, Mixed 81%, NR 4%

Y 67%, N 33%

D 11%, SR 85%, Both 4%

Rosso – 2011[40]

14a

XS 79%, Long 21%

F 8%, NR 92%

NR 100%

SR 100%

Sun – 2013 [45]

53b

XS 92%, Long 8%

F 11%, Mixed 42%, NR 47%

NR 100%

D 8%, SR 89%, Both 3%

Van Cauwenberg – 2018 [41]

71

XS 99%, Long 1%

F 7%, M 1%, Mixed 90%, NR1%

Y 92%, N 8%

SR 80%, NR 20%

Yau – 2022 [36]

17b

Exp 100%

F 18%, Mixed 82%

Y-MA

Adherence (100%)

Specific clinical populations in community-dwelling settings

 Stubbs – 2014 [38]

12

XS 58%, Longc 33%, Exp 9%,

Mixed 92%, NR 8%

NR 100%

D 33%, SR 67%,

 Thilarajah – 2018 [37]

26

XS 92%, Long 8%

Mixed 96%, NR 4%

NR 100%

D 65%, SR 19% Both 16%

 Wion – 2019 [39]

4a

XS 75%, Longc 25%

NR 100%

NR 100%

SR 100%

  1. Abbreviations: XS cross-sectional, Long longitudinal, Exp experimental, NR not reported, F females, M males, Y yes, N no, D direct (e.g., accelerometer), SR self-report (e.g., questionnaire), Both Review included both a direct measure and self-report measure of PA, MA adjusted meta-analysis was performed in review
  2. aOnly a subgroup of the studies from a review were summarized, characteristics are reported for the subgroup only
  3. bStatistics for subgroup of studies extracted not available – whole review reported
  4. cMeasure of PA was cross sectional in all analyses