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Table 4 Estimated marginal means for girls’ parent-report movement behaviours by dog ownership group

From: Longitudinal effects of dog ownership, dog acquisition, and dog loss on children’s movement behaviours: findings from the PLAYCE cohort study

Girls

Wave 1

Wave 2

Within-group difference

Between-group difference in change

 

Mean (95%CI)

Mean (95%CI)

Mean (95%CI)

 

Structured physical activity (times/week)

p = 0.332

 Non-dog owner

1.3 (1.1, 1.5)

1.8 (1.6, 2.1)

0.5 (0.2, 0.9)

Ref

 Dog owner

1.4 (1.1, 1.7)

2.1 (1.8, 2.4)

0.7 (0.3, 1.1)

0.2 (-0.3, 0.6)

 Dog acquired

1.4 (0.9, 2.0)

1.9 (1.3, 2.5)

0.5 (-0.2, 1.2)

-0.1 (-0.8, 0.7)

 Dog loss

1.6 (0.8, 2.4)

3.0 (2.3, 3.8)

1.4 (0.5, 2.4)

0.9 (-0.1, 1.9)

Unstructured physical activity (times/week)

p =  < 0.001

 Non-dog owner

16.5 (15.0, 18.1)

16.5 (14.9, 18.0)

-0.1 (-1.7, 1.6)

Ref

 Dog owner

24.8 (23.0, 26.7)

22.5 (20.6, 24.4)

-2.3 (-4.2, -0.4)

-2.3 (-4.6, 0.0)

 Dog acquired

16.1 (12.5, 19.7)

22.9 (19.3, 26.5)

6.8 (3.2, 10.3)

6.8 (3.1, 10.6)

 Dog loss

26.5 (21.6, 31.5)

16.4 (11.4, 21.3)

-10.2 (-15.0, -5.3)

-10.1 (-15.1, -5.1)

Unstructured physical activity – excluding dog walking and play (times/week)

p = 0.181

 Non-dog owner

16.5 (15.1, 17.9)

16.4 (15.0, 17.8)

-0.1 (-1.6, 1.4)

Ref

 Dog owner

18.2 (16.6, 19.9)

16.3 (14.6, 17.9)

-1.9 (-3.7, -0.2)

-1.8 (-3.9, 0.3)

 Dog acquired

16.1 (12.9, 19.3)

16.0 (12.9, 19.2)

-0.1 (-3.3, 3.2)

0.0 (-3.4, 3.5)

 Dog loss

20.2 (15.8, 24.7)

16.3 (11.9, 20.8)

-3.9 (-8.4, 0.6)

-3.8 (-8.4, 0.8)

Screen time (mins/day)

p = 0.007

 Non-dog owner

113.6 (101.3, 125.9)

88.2 (75.6, 100.7)

-25.4 (-40.0, -10.9)

Ref

 Dog owner

87.6 (72.8, 102.4)

93.7 (78.7, 108.8)

6.1 (-11.0, 23.3)

31.5 (10.8, 52.3)

 Dog acquired

105.1 (76.8, 133.5)

98.0 (68.7, 127.2)

-7.2 (-39.7, 25.4)

18.2 (-16.2, 52.7)

 Dog loss

123.0 (82.4, 163.7)

68.6 (28.0, 109.3)

-54.4 (-100.1, -8.7)

-29.0 (-76.2, 18.2)

Sleep time (hours/day)

p = 0.275

 Non-dog owner

11.3 (11.1, 11.5)

10.5 (10.3, 10.7)

-0.8 (-1.0, -0.6)

Ref

 Dog owner

11.5 (11.3, 11.7)

10.6 (10.4, 10.8)

-0.9 (-1.2, -0.6)

-0.1 (-0.4, 0.2)

 Dog acquired

11.8 (11.4, 12.2)

10.5 (10.1, 10.9)

-1.3 (-1.8, -0.8)

-0.5 (-1.0, 0.1)

 Dog loss

11.9 (11.3, 12.4)

10.7 (10.1, 11.2)

-1.2 (-1.9, -0.5)

-0.4 (-1.1, 0.3)

  1. Marginal means estimated from fully adjusted LMM (structured, unstructured, sleep time all n = 570; screen time n = 568) which included group*time*sex interaction and lower order terms, child age, mother’s education, mother’s work status, having a yard big enough for running, dwelling type, length of follow-up, survey data collection season, and survey data collected during COVID-19. Group*time interaction derived separately for boys and girls from the fully interacted model
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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