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Table 2 Exposure and outcome characteristics

From: Prospective associations between changes in physical activity and sedentary time and subsequent lean muscle mass in older English adults: the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study

Exposure or Outcome

Baseline Mean (SD)

Follow-up Mean (SD)

Mean Annual Change (SD)

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

TPA (cpm)

279 (124.6)

269.9 (109.1)

229.2 (124.0)

224.8 (104.3)

-9.0 (22.4)

-8.9 (20.2)

Total sedentary time (min/day)

571 (81.1)

532.6 (77.4)

595.3 (75.3)

564.1 (78.6)

5.5 (16.5)

6.4 (14.8)

Prolonged sedentary bout (min/day)

211.3 (92.7)

167.4 (82.6)

261.8 (106.4)

213.4 (96.6)

9.3 (19.8)

8.9 (17.0)

LPA 100–809 cpm (min/day)

216.7 (53.3)

244.8 (51.9)

195.3 (55.3)

225.5 (56.4)

-4.0 (11.4)

-4.0 (12.)

MVPA 809 cpm (min/day)

89.5 (48.3)

83.8 (45.0)

69.2 (43.9)

65.9 (40.9)

-3.8(8.5)

-3.6 (8.7)

Walking time (hours/week)

9.1 (7.9)

9.0 (8.8)

10.0 (10.4)

9.0 (8.7)

-0.2 (2.7)

-0.04 (2.4)

Cycling time (hours/week)

1.0 (3.0)

0.6 (2.1)

1.0 (4.4)

0.5 (1.7)

-0.004 (0.8)

-0.04 (0.5)

Gardening time (hours/week)

6.3 (7.1)

4.5 (5.6)

6.6 (7.2)

4.8 (6.1)

0.03 (1.7)

0.003 (1.8)

Housework time (hours/week)

5.2 (7.9)

16.5 (12.4)

6.8 (8.6)

16.3 (12.9)

0.3 (2.2)

-0.01 (3.5)

Total lean muscle mass (kg)

-

- 

24.0 (3.2)

16.7 (2.6)

- 

- 

Total lean appendicular muscle mass (kg)

-

- 

52.8 (6.1)

38.5 (4.8)

- 

- 

Height-scaled ALM (kg/m2)

-

- 

8.0 (0.9)

6.5 (0.9)

- 

- 

BMI-scaled ALM (kg/kg/m2)

-

- 

0.9 (0.1)

0.6 (0.8)

- 

- 

Relative ALM (%)

-

- 

29.7 (2.8)

24.8 (2.5)

- 

- 

  1. This table shows the mean values of activity measures and muscle mass measures at baseline and follow-up. Baseline measurements were undertaken between 2006–2011, and follow-up between 2012–2016. TPA Total physical activity, MVPA Moderate-to-vigorous activity, LPA Light physical activity, SD Standard deviation, ALM Appendicular lean muscle mass, BMI Body mass index. A dash denotes that the measure was not taken in the assessment