Fig. 3

Survival analysis for all-cause mortality according to calibrated energy intake and daily step count status among older adults. (A) Multivariable adjusted Kaplan–Meier survival curves using inverse probability weighting and (B) Nelson–Aalen cumulative hazard curves using age as the time scale. Solid and dashed lines represent hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI), respectively, and the hazard ratios based on (C) 128 kcal/100 steps for calibrated energy intake (EI) per daily step counts (n = 4,071 [p for non-linearity = 0.029]) and (D) − 1.8 for z-score (n = 4,079 [p for non-linearity = 0.033]) as the reference (the first or fourth quartile value) were calculated. We estimated that p < 0.05 when the 95% CI of the hazard ratio did not exceed 1.00 and p ≥ 0.05 when the 95% CI of the hazard ratio exceeded 1.00. The adjusted factors were age, sex, population density, season of wear, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, family structure, educational attainment, economic status, denture use, medication use, number of chronic diseases, and frailty status