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Table 2 Differences for the baseline characteristics in terms of studying variables by quintiles of nighttime fasting duration

From: Relationship between circadian eating behavior (daily eating frequency and nighttime fasting duration) and cardiovascular mortality

Variables

Nighttime fasting duration

P-value

Quintile 1 (≤ 10 h, N = 7896)

Quintile 2 (10 to 11 h, N = 5116)

Quintile 3 (11 to 12 h, N = 5480)

Quintile 4 (12 to 14 h, N = 6505)

Quintile 5 (≥ 14 h, N = 5467)

Age (years)

46.8 (0.32)

47.9 (0.32)

47.3 (0.32)

45.9 (0.39)

42.8 (0.42)

 < 0.001

Men, %

55.0 (0.7)

50.3 (0.9)

45.7 (0.8)

43.8 (0.8)

44.9 (0.8)

 < 0.001

Non-Hispanic white, %

74.2 (1.3)

73.7 (1.3)

70.6 (1.6)

66.9 (1.5)

59.1 (2.0)

 < 0.001

Smoking, %

28.5 (0.8)

23.0 (0.7)

22.9 (0.8)

21.3 (0.8)

25.7 (0.8)

 < 0.001

Drinking, %

74.3 (0.8)

72.8 (1.1)

70.8 (1.0)

67.1 (0.9)

62.7 (1.0)

 < 0.001

College graduate or above, %

30.4 (0.6)

19.6 (0.4)

18.6 (0.4)

19.4 (0.4)

12.1 (0.4)

 < 0.001

Household income over $75,000, %

17.4 (1.1)

17.4 (1.0)

16.1 (1.0)

13.9 (1.0)

8.9 (0.7)

 < 0.001

Exercised regularly, %

39.6 (1.1)

40.1 (1.1)

41.4 (1.0)

43.0 (1.0)

47.9 (0.9)

 < 0.001

Sleep duration (hours)

6.7 (0.02)

6.9 (0.02)

7.0 (0.02)

7.1 (0.02)

7.0 (0.02)

 < 0.001

Night shift work,%

0.7 (0.1)

0.2 (0.1)

0.1 (0.1)

0.3 (0.1)

0.9 (0.1)

 < 0.001

Daily energy intake (kcal/d)

2365.8 (14.3)

2200.5 (16.0)

2094.5 (12.5)

2006.7 (13.9)

1868.9 (13.2)

 < 0.001

AHEI

49.5 (0.19)

50.5 (0.20)

50.3 (0.19)

50.2 (0.20)

48.4 (0.19)

 < 0.001

Meal skipping, %

     

 < 0.001

 Breakfast skipping

3.9 (0.3)

2.3 (0.3)

2.3 (0.3)

4.2 (0.3)

16.5 (0.7)

 < 0.001

 Lunch skipping

8.5 (0.4)

6.6 (0.5)

8.8 (0.6)

8.1 (0.4)

12.6 (0.6)

 < 0.001

 Dinner skipping

1.5 (0.1)

1.3 (0.2)

1.5 (0.2)

1.7 (0.2)

3.2 (0.3)

 < 0.001

 Daily eating frequency

4.4 (0.02)

4.0 (0.02)

3.8 (0.02)

3.6 (0.02)

3.0 (0.02)

 < 0.001

 First eaten time

6:40 (1.2)

7:41 (1.8)

8:00 (1.8)

8:21 (1.8)

9:10 (2.4)

 < 0.001

 Last eaten time

21:00 (1.2)

20:39 (1.2)

20:25 (1.8)

20:06 (1.2)

19:42 (0.03)

 < 0.001

 BMI, kg/m2

28.4 (0.11)

28.6 (0.13)

28.5 (0.12)

28.6 (0.11)

28.9 (0.14)

 < 0.001

 Hypertension, %

37.0 (0.7)

38.0 (0.9)

36.7 (0.9)

36.4 (1.0)

33.1 (0.9)

 < 0.001

 SBP, mm Hg

121.5 (0.25)

122.0 (0.36)

121.8 (0.33)

121.9 (0.31)

121.3 (0.34)

0.066

 DBP, mm Hg

70.6 (0.21)

70.9 (0.28)

70.2 (0.26)

70.1 (0.28)

69.1 (0.28)

 < 0.001

 Diabetes, %

10.6 (0.6)

12.2 (0.6)

11.7 (0.5)

11.3 (0.5)

11.4 (0.6)

0.001

 Fasting Glucose, mmol/l

5.79 (0.04)

5.80 (0.04)

5.81 (0.05)

5.78 (0.34)

5.81 (0.05)

0.040

 Dyslipidemia, %

47.0 (0.7)

47.5 (0.8)

47.4 (0.9)

46.4 (0.9)

43.1 (1.2)

 < 0.001

 TC, mmol/l

5.05 (0.02)

5.09 (0.02)

5.08 (0.02)

5.02 (0.02)

5.01 (0.02)

0.248

 LDL-C, mmol/l

2.96 (0.02)

3.01 (0.02)

2.98 (0.02)

2.95 (0.02)

2.91 (0.02)

0.305

 HDL-C, mmol/l

1.37 (0.01)

1.39 (0.01)

1.38 (0.01)

1.37 (0.01)

1.34 (0.01)

 < 0.001

 TG, mmol/l

1.45 (0.02)

1.48 (0.03)

1.52 (0.03)

1.51 (0.02)

1.58 (0.04)

 < 0.001

  1. BMI body mass index, AHEI alternative healthy eating index, TC plasma total cholesterol, TG plasma triglycerides
  2. Continuous variables were presented as mean (Standard error), and categorical variables were presented as percentage (Standard error)
  3. General linear models adjusting for age and sex, and chi-square tests were used to compare baseline characteristics as a function of fasting duration by different groups. All analyses were based on estimates with sample weights
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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