Table 4 Association of nighttime fasting duration with mortalities of all-cause, CVD, heart disease and stroke

All-cause mortality

 Death/person-years

1021/78644

673/51160

808/54800

1066/65050

992/55763

 Unadjusted

1.07 (0.94–1.22)

1 (ref.)

1.18 (1.03–1.35)

1.23 (1.08–1.41)

1.38 (1.22–1.58)

 Model 1

1.15 (1.01–1.31)

1 (ref.)

1.15 (1.01–1.32)

1.27 (1.13–1.43)

1.57 (1.39–1.78)

 Model 2

1.16 (1.03–1.32)

1 (ref.)

1.13 (0.99–1.30)

1.23 (1.10–1.39)

1.47 (1.29–1.68)

 Model 3

1.23 (1.08–1.39)

1 (ref.)

1.10 (0.96–1.26)

1.16 (1.04–1.30)

1.36 (1.19–1.54)

CVD mortality

 Death/person-years

388/78644

260/51160

323/54800

433/65050

420/55763

 Unadjusted

1.10 (0.91–1.32)

1 (ref.)

1.25 (1.02–1.54)

1.30 (1.06–1.59)

1.56 (1.30–1.86)

 Model 1

1.19 (0.99–1.42)

1 (ref.)

1.23 (1.01–1.49)

1.30 (1.06–1.59)

1.68 (1.42–1.99)

 Model 2

1.21 (1.01–1.44)

1 (ref.)

1.19 (0.98–1.44)

1.23 (1.00–1.52)

1.52 (1.28–1.80)

 Model 3

1.30 (1.08–1.55)

1 (ref.)

1.15 (0.95–1.39)

1.14 (0.93–1.40)

1.37 (1.12–1.67)

Heart disease-specific mortality

 Death/person-years

255/78644

165/51160

206/54800

276/65050

280/55763

 Unadjusted

1.19 (0.93–1.51)

1 (ref.)

1.32 (1.02–1.72)

1.35 (1.07–1.70)

1.77 (1.41–2.23)

 Model 1

1.27 (1.00–1.62)

1 (ref.)

1.27 (0.99–1.64)

1.35 (1.07–1.70)

1.95 (1.55–2.47)

 Model 2

1.30 (1.02–1.66)

1 (ref.)

1.23 (0.95–1.58)

1.26 (1.00–1.59)

1.72 (1.34–2.19)

 Model 3

1.41 (1.11–1.79)

1 (ref.)

1.18 (0.91–1.52)

1.15 (0.91–1.44)

1.48 (1.12–1.97)

Stroke-specific mortality

 Death/person-years

57/78644

31/51160

43/54800

66/65050

55/55763

 Unadjusted

1.54 (0.95–2.52)

1 (ref.)

1.52 (0.86–2.68)

1.80 (1.06–3.03)

1.77 (1.12–2.79)

 Model 1

1.76 (1.02–3.05)

1 (ref.)

1.49 (0.80–2.76)

1.73 (0.99–3.04)

1.97 (1.22–3.19)

Model 2

1.79 (1.04–3.09)

1 (ref.)

1.44 (0.78–2.68)

1.65 (0.92–2.98)

1.81 (1.09–2.99)

 Model 3

1.89 (1.11–3.23)

1 (ref.)

1.40 (0.75–2.63)

1.59 (0.84–2.98)

1.84 (1.04–3.24)