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Table 2 Associations between lifestyle pattern trajectories and child cardiometabolic risk markers at the age of 8 years (n = 546)1

From: Trajectories of lifestyle patterns from 2 to 8 years of age and cardiometabolic risk in children: the GUSTO study

 

Unadjusted

Adjusted2

 
 

Consistently healthy

Consistently unhealthy

Consistently healthy

Consistently unhealthy

 

B (95% CI)

P

B (95% CI)

P

B (95% CI)

P

B (95% CI)

P

Anthropometrics

        

BMI z-score (SDS)

0.10 (-0.30, 0.50)

0.62

0.02 (-0.31, 0.35)

0.91

0.27 (-0.13, 0.68)

0.19

-0.03 (-0.37, 0.31)

0.87

Abdominal circumference (cm)

0.70 (-1.62, 3.02)

0.55

0.26 (-1.68, 2.20)

0.79

0.60 (-1.76, 2.95)

0.62

0.30 (-1.68, 2.28)

0.77

Sum of skinfolds (mm)

-0.06 (-5.08, 4.97)

0.98

0.34 (-3.86, 4.54)

0.88

0.57 (-4.49, 5.64)

0.83

0.27 (-4.01, 4.55)

0.90

Blood pressure

        

Systolic (mmHg)

-0.14 (-2.75, 2.46)

0.92

1.76 (-0.36, 3.88)

0.10

0.06 (-2.51, 2.64)

0.96

2.10 (-0.03, 4.24)

0.05

Diastolic (mmHg)

0.65 (-1.24, 2.54)

0.50

1.38 (-0.15, 2.92)

0.08

0.39 (-1.59, 2.37)

0.70

1.91 (0.27, 3.55)

0.02

Pre-hypertension3

0.89 (0.26, 3.09)

0.86

2.16 (1.01, 4.63)

0.05

1.01 (0.27, 3.85)

0.99

2.96 (1.18, 7.41)

0.02

Laboratory measures

        

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

0.02 (-0.09, 0.13)

0.68

-0.02 (-0.11, 0.07)

0.69

-0.02 (-0.13, 0.09)

0.78

0.03 (-0.06, 0.12)

0.54

Fasting insulin (pmol/L)

0.94 (-9.90, 11.8)

0.87

12.8 (3.85, 21.7)

0.01

-2.74 (-14.3, 8.87)

0.69

13.7 (4.24, 23.2)

0.01

HOMA-IR

0.02 (-0.32, 0.37)

0.66

0.39 (0.11, 0.67)

0.01

-0.10 (-0.47, 0.27)

0.60

0.43 (0.13, 0.74)

0.01

Triglyceride (mmol/L)

-0.09 (-0.21, 0.04)

0.48

0.12 (0.02, 0.23)

0.02

-0.06 (-0.19, 0.08)

0.40

0.11 (0.00, 0.22)

0.05

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

0.08 (-0.01, 0.17)

0.09

-0.06 (-0.13, 0.01)

0.11

0.08 (-0.02, 0.17)

0.10

-0.05 (-0.13, 0.03)

0.22

Prediction indices

        

Metabolic syndrome score

0.00 (-0.76, 0.77)

0.99

0.84 (0.22, 1.46)

0.01

-0.14 (-0.93, 0.65)

0.73

0.85 (0.20, 1.49)

0.01

Fatty liver index

-0.41 (-2.13, 1.31)

0.64

0.71 (-0.70, 2.12)

0.32

0.02 (-1.88, 1.72)

0.93

0.36 (-1.09, 1.82)

0.62

  1. Abbreviations: HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; SDS, standard deviation score; z-BMI, z-score of body mass index
  2. 1Multiple linear regression coefficient estimates (95%CI) and p-values are presented, referenced to the mixed trajectory
  3. 2Models were adjusted for maternal age, ethnicity, educational attainment, household income, family history of cardiovascular disease, pre-pregnancy BMI, father’s BMI, child sex, birth order, and preterm birth. BMI z-score was not additionally adjusted for sex. Blood pressure analyses were further adjusted for child height at the age of 8 years
  4. 3Binary logistic regression odds ratio (95%CI) and p-values are presented, referenced to the mixed trajectory
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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