Effects of combined dietary intervention and physical-cognitive exercise on cognitive function and cardiometabolic health of postmenopausal women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Table 1 Participants demographic characteristics

Characteristic	Control group, n = 23	Diet group, n = 23	Exercise group, n = 23	Combined group, n = 23	p-value
Age (years)	53.61 ± 2.81	52.87 ± 3.88	52.70 ± 3.60	52.17 ± 3.35	0.562
Education (years)	13.74 ± 4.74	13.57 ± 3.89	14.35 ± 3.19	13.96 ± 3.30	0.911
Weight (kg)	71.31 ± 11.49	69.43 ± 7.19	74.83 ± 11.18	71.28 ± 11.16	0.360
BMI (kg/m²)	29.18 ± 2.85	28.28 ± 2.78	29.06 ± 2.90	29.73 ± 4.57	0.538
WHR	0.90 ± 0.06	0.87 ± 0.04	0.88 ± 0.04	0.88 ± 0.05	0.185
Types of medicine (number)	0.70 ± 0.97	0.52 ± 0.67	0.65 ± 0.71	0.57 ± 0.73	0.869
MSET10 (score)	27.52 ± 1.27	27.17 ± 1.53	27.26 ± 1.36	27.65 ± 1.11	0.586
HADS (score)	3.43 ± 3.20	2.65 ± 1.64	3.52 ± 2.63	3.35 ± 2.46	0.642

All values are means ± standard deviations (SD). Types of medicine (antihypertensive, antidyslipidemic, or antidiabetic medication). BMI = body mass index, WHR = waist-to-hip ratio, MSET10 = Mental State Examination T10 (total score = 29 points), HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

ISSN: 1479-5868