Effects of combined dietary intervention and physical-cognitive exercise on cognitive function and cardiometabolic health of postmenopausal women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Mean score (SD) in cognitive test measures between baseline and 3-month retest for each group

Outcome variables	Control group, n = 23		Diet group, n = 23		Exercise group, n = 23		Combined group, n = 23		p-value ^a	η_p²
Outcome variables	Baseline	3-Month	Baseline	3-Month	Baseline	3-Month	Baseline	3-Month	p-value ^a	η_p²
MoCA (score)	23.91 ± 3.64	25.01 ± 3.02	24.70 ± 3.66	26.10 ± 2.94	24.96 ± 2.36	25.95 ± 2.38	24.52 ± 2.29	25.85 ± 2.31	0.687	0.017
TMT B-A (sec)	58.65 ± 29.14	73.17 ± 41.64	60.28 ± 39.86	56.92 ± 26.83	53.52 ± 29.70	48.73 ± 29.08	58.41 ± 22.87	40.40 ± 20.74	0.002	0.156
Logical memory test (score)	21.09 ± 7.39	22.49 ± 7.18	22.26 ± 9.15	27.09 ± 8.98	21.87 ± 6.60	27.50 ± 4.24	21.48 ± 6.59	27.41 ± 6.19	0.007	0.131
SCWT (IG score)	−4.90 ± 6.60	−4.85 ± 6.73	−0.94 ± 5.19	1.28 ± 6.90	−2.71 ± 7.74	−0.61 ± 5.16	−2.68 ± 6.25	0.20 ± 6.59	0.053	0.085
Verbal fluency test (score)	20.96 ± 5.17	22.55 ± 5.18	20.96 ± 4.24	23.87 ± 5.29	22.70 ± 5.52	24.92 ± 4.65	21.57 ± 4.17	24.45 ± 4.89	0.539	0.025
Digit span test (score)	13.74 ± 3.48	13.80 ± 3.71	14.35 ± 2.76	14.52 ± 3.50	15.74 ± 2.94	15.88 ± 3.13	13.48 ± 3.30	14.99 ± 4.45	0.216	0.050

Note: High scores in the MoCA, Logical memory test, SCWT, Verbal fluency test, Digit span test, and low scores in TMT B-A indicate greater cognitive performances
MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment test (0–30 points), TMT B-A = Trail Making Test part B-A, SCWT = Stroop Color and Word Test
^aAnalysis of covariance comparing group differences at 3 months adjusted for education and baseline values. All values are means ± standard deviations (SD)

ISSN: 1479-5868