Effects of combined dietary intervention and physical-cognitive exercise on cognitive function and cardiometabolic health of postmenopausal women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Table 4 Mean score (SD) in body weight and body composition test measures between baseline and 3-month retest for each group

Outcome variables	Control group, n = 23		Diet group, n = 23		Exercise group, n = 23		Combined group, n = 23		p-value ^a	η_p²
Outcome variables	Baseline	3-Month	Baseline	3-Month	Baseline	3-Month	Baseline	3-Month	p-value ^a	η_p²
Weight (kg)	71.31 ± 11.49	72.49 ± 11.47	69.43 ± 7.19	67.04 ± 8.16	74.83 ± 11.18	73.12 ± 10.81	71.28 ± 11.16	68.72 ± 11.23	< 0.001	0.192
BMI (kg/m²)	29.18 ± 2.85	29.68 ± 2.86	28.28 ± 2.78	27.31 ± 3.16	29.06 ± 2.90	28.40 ± 2.76	29.73 ± 4.57	28.67 ± 4.67	< 0.001	0.206
WHR	0.90 ± 0.06	0.92 ± 0.06	0.87 ± 0.04	0.85 ± 0.05	0.88 ± 0.04	0.87 ± 0.04	0.88 ± 0.05	0.85 ± 0.05	< 0.001	0.302
Body fat percentage (%)	41.70 ± 4.21	42.19 ± 4.45	41.47 ± 3.81	40.18 ± 4.15	42.81 ± 3.41	41.21 ± 4.33	43.22 ± 5.69	40.87 ± 6.49	0.001	0.167
Fat mass (kg)	30.09 ± 7.91	30.95 ± 8.12	29.00 ± 5.37	27.61 ± 5.79	32.33 ± 7.43	30.65 ± 8.21	31.36 ± 8.98	28.86 ± 9.33	< 0.001	0.239
Fat free mass (kg)	41.22 ± 4.20	41.54 ± 4.17	40.44 ± 2.72	40.47 ± 2.79	42.51 ± 4.36	42.55 ± 3.97	39.93 ± 3.01	40.13 ± 3.18	0.846	0.009

^aAnalysis of covariance comparing group differences at 3 months adjusted for baseline values. All values are means ± standard deviations (SD). BMI = Body Mass Index, WHR = Waist-to-hip ratio

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