Effects of combined dietary intervention and physical-cognitive exercise on cognitive function and cardiometabolic health of postmenopausal women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Table 5 Mean score (SD) in physical test measures between baseline and 3-month retest for each group

Outcome variables	Control group, n = 23		Diet group, n = 23		Exercise group, n = 23		Combined group, n = 23		p-value ^a	η_p²
Outcome variables	Baseline	3-Month	Baseline	3-Month	Baseline	3-Month	Baseline	3-Month	p-value ^a	η_p²
Predicted maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max) (mL/(kg•min))	22.31 ± 1.48	22.09 ± 1.58	23.18 ± 1.49	23.77 ± 1.68	22.99 ± 1.43	23.57 ± 1.49	22.46 ± 2.42	23.34 ± 2.54	< 0.001	0.258
Hand grip strength test (kg)	26.78 ± 5.96	26.56 ± 5.29	27.26 ± 4.59	27.13 ± 3.28	26.54 ± 4.66	28.40 ± 4.54	26.74 ± 4.38	28.56 ± 4.57	0.003	0.150
30-s chair stand test (time)	14.57 ± 4.71	15.05 ± 4.48	14.91 ± 4.68	17.03 ± 5.09	15.09 ± 2.37	17.39 ± 2.82	14.87 ± 3.43	16.98 ± 3.96	0.134	0.062

^aAnalysis of covariance comparing group differences at 3 months adjusted for baseline values. All values are means ± standard deviations (SD). VO₂max = Maximal oxygen consumption

ISSN: 1479-5868