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Table 1 Types of measurement methods by type of behavior and time period.

From: Why combine diet and physical activity in the same international research society?

Time Period

Diet

PA

24 hours

24 hr. recall (14)

24 hr. recall (12)

 

24 hr. food recognition (15)

24 hr. physical activity recognition (16)

 

Observation (19)

Observation (17–18)

Week

7-day food record (20)

7-day activity recall (14)

 

7-day food frequency (21)

 

Longer (months, years)

Food frequency (22–23)

Many activity inventories (14)

Technology Assisted for Variable Time Units

Food Intake Recording Software System (24)

Activitygram

  

Accelerometer (30)

 

Camera (33–35)

Pedometer (29–30)

  

Heart Rate Monitor (31–32)

Biomarkers for Variable Time Units

Doubly labeled water (25)

Serum nutrients (26, 28)