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Table 4 Dietary Nutrient Density

From: The quality of girls' diets declines and tracks across middle childhood

 

Nutrient Density a,b

 

Age 5

Age 7

Age 9

Vitamin A (μg RAE)

417.9 ± 228.6

389.3 ± 156.5

385.6 ± 150.8

Vitamin C (mg)

50.0 ± 29.2

43.5 ± 21.8 δ

40.5 ± 21.4 δ

Vitamin E (mg)

3.5 ± 1.2

3.0 ± 1.0 δ

3.3 ± 1.0

Folate (μg)

122.9 ± 38.4

121.3 ± 39.0

175.9 ± 43.0 δ

Vitamin D (μg)

3.5 ± 1.5

3.2 ± 1.3 δ

2.9 ± 1.5 ψ

Vitamin B6 (mg)

0.8 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.3

Vitamin B12 (μg)

2.0 ± 1.4

1.9 ± 0.9

2.2 ± 2.5

Calcium (mg)

544.7 ± 179.5

513.1 ± 162.2 δ

503.3 ± 156.1 δ

Phosphorus (mg)

651.2 ± 140.2

624.5 ± 134.8 δ

610.3 ± 127.6 δ

Magnesium (mg)

126.2 ± 24.3

120.5 ± 24.2 δ

119.1 ± 23.2 δ

Iron (mg)

7.1 ± 2.2

6.9 ± 1.9

6.9 ± 1.8

Zinc (mg)

5.2 ± 1.4

5.1 ± 1.3 ‡δ

4.9 ± 1.2 δ

  1. a Dietary densities are expressed as units per 1000 kcal. b Mean ± SD; values with different symbols are significantly different at p < 0.0001, except for phosphorus and magnesium at p < 0.001, calcium at p < 0.01, and zinc at p < 0.05