Table 2 Association of individual and neighbourhood characteristics with leisure-time walking and cycling

Individual characteristics

Age (years)

49 ± 17

1.01 (1.01 – 1.01)*

1.00 (1.00 – 1.00)

Gender

Men

47.2%

1.00

1.00

Women

52.8%

1.46 (1.38 – 1.55)*

1.18 (1.12 – 1.25)*

Ethnicity

Native (Dutch)

87.1%

1.00

1.00

Non-native, Western

6.4%

1.19 (1.06 – 1.35)*

0.84 (0.75 – 0.95)*

Non-native, non-Western

3.5%

1.16 (0.99 – 1.37)

0.54 (0.45 – 0.63)*

Non-native, origin unknown

2.9%

0.90 (0.76 – 1.06)

0.68 (0.58 – 0.81)*

Household composition

Married/partner, no children

37.8%

1.00

1.00

Married/partner with child(ren)

39.9%

0.93 (0.87 – 1.01)

0.94 (0.87 – 1.01)

Single, no children

17.2%

0.74 (0.68 – 0.81)*

0.77 (0.71 – 0.84)*

Single with child(ren)

4.4%

0.70 (0.60 – 0.81)*

0.75 (0.65 – 0.87)*

Unknown

0.8%

0.59 (0.43 – 0.80)*

0.77 (0.56 – 1.06)

Education

Tertiary education

26.3%

1.00

1.00

Secondary education: upper level

35.5%

0.73 (0.67 – 0.79)*

0.79 (0.74 – 0.86)*

Secondary education: mid level

8.5%

0.65 (0.58 – 0.73)*

0.73 (0.65 – 0.82)*

Secondary education: lower level

14.8%

0.58 (0.52 – 0.64)*

0.73 (0.66 – 0.81)*

Primary education

14.6%

0.42 (0.38 – 0.47)*

0.48 (0.43 – 0.53)*

Unknown

0.3%

1.08 (0.61 – 1.91)

0.63 (0.38 – 1.06)

Household income (€)

>29.900

20.9%

1.00

1.00

23.600 – 29.900

20.5%

1.02 (0.93 – 1.12)

1.04 (0.95 – 1.14)

19.200 – 23.600

20.1%

1.00 (0.91 – 1.10)

1.15 (1.04 – 1.26)*

15.200 – 19.200

19.8%

1.03 (0.93 – 1.13)

1.21 (1.09 – 1.33)*

<15.200

17.8%

0.95 (0.85 – 1.05)

1.11 (0.99 – 1.23)

Unknown

1.1%

0.93 (0.70 – 1.25)

1.06 (0.79 – 1.41)

Household wealth (€)

>293.469

15.1%

1.00

1.00

148.000 – 293.469

15.0%

0.97 (0.87 – 1.09)

0.97 (0.87 – 1.08)

39.047 – 148.000

14.5%

1.02 (0.92 – 1.14)

0.87 (0.78 – 0.97)*

3.362 – 39.047

13.6%

0.89 (0.80 – 1.00)

0.71 (0.63 – 0.79)*

<3.362

12.2%

1.00 (0.89 – 1.13)

0.70 (0.62 – 0.79)*

Unknown

29.6%

1.02 (0.92 – 1.13)

0.83 (0.75 – 0.91)*

Neighbourhood characteristics

Population density

Very dense

16.5%

1.00

1.00

Dense

27.6%

0.92 (0.84 – 1.01)

0.99 (0.90 – 1.09)

Moderately dense

21.8%

0.97 (0.88 – 1.08)

1.03 (0.93 – 1.14)

Slightly dense

23.2%

0.99 (0.89 – 1.10)

1.04 (0.94 – 1.16)

Not dense

10.9%

1.03 (0.91 – 1.17)

0.97 (0.85 – 1.10)