Table 10 Items and factor loadings from an exploratory three factor solution of perceived barriers toward use of vegetable parenting practices and confirmatory factory analysis model fit criteria

Child doesn’t like vegetables

Getting my child to eat vegetables at meals is difficult.

My child doesn’t like the taste of vegetables.

My child does not like the texture of vegetables.

My child prefers other foods over vegetables.

My child is a picky eater.

My child doesn’t eat vegetables as snacks.

It is hard to find vegetables my child likes in stores.

It is hard to find vegetables my child likes at restaurants or fast food places.

Respondent doesn’t like vegetables

I don’t like vegetables myself.

No one in my family eats vegetables.

I don’t like the taste of vegetables.

I don’t know how to cook vegetables.

I don’t like to cook vegetables.

It is difficult to find recipes for vegetables.

I don’t usually have vegetables at home.

I usually forget to serve vegetables to my child.

It is not important that my child eats vegetables.

Cost of vegetables

Fresh vegetables spoil too fast.

I only have a small amount to spend on vegetables.

Vegetables are expensive.

I usually don’t buy fresh vegetables.

It takes too long to make a vegetable snack when my child is hungry.

Eigenvalue

Variance explained

Child doesn’t like vegetables

Respondent doesn’t like vegetables

Cost of vegetables

Model fit indices from a three factor confirmatory factor analysis

X ²

df

p

RMSEA

SRMR

CFI

TLI

Items not included in a final solution

Vegetables do not fill my child up.

I usually don’t serve vegetables for snacks.

I don’t have time to prepare vegetables.

I don’t know how to prepare vegetables so that everyone in the family will eat them.