Table 3 Multivariable associations between baseline characteristics and health behaviours at one year in the ADDITION-Plus cohort

Socio-demographic characteristics

Age (years)

−0.72 (−0.98, -0.47)***

0.3 (−0, 0.6)

−0.06 (−0.16, 0.33)

−0.43 (−0.72, -0.13)**

−6.62 (−13.2, -0.05)*

−1.17 (−4.33, 1.98)

−0.52 (−2.54, 1.49)

Sex (women = ref.)

10.9 (7.35, 14.51)***

−5.52 (−9.81, -1.22)*

0.46 (−0.88, 1.81)

0.19 (−4.39, 4.01)

9.94 (−83.91, 103.78)

−37 (−82.36, 8.34)

−4.46 (−34.01, 25.09)

Social class (managerial/professional occ. = ref.)

Intermediate

0.63 (−3.53, 4.79)

0.36 (−4.69, 5.41)

0.41 (−1.13, 1.95)

0.82 (−4.17, 5.81)

11.4 (−99.3, 122.07)

−16.9 (−70.09, 36.34)

−0.09 (−33.85, 33.66)

Routine/manual

2.26 (−1.47, 6)

−3.24 (−7.7, 1.23)

0.21 (−1.18, 1.59)

−1.36 (−5.75, 3.03)

−72.3 (−169.61, 24.97)

−4.5 (−52.03, 43.02)

−3.06 (−33.0, 26.87)

Clinical characteristics

Waist circumference (cm)

−0.33 (−0.45, -0.2)***

−0.1 (−0.26, 0.05)

−0.03(−0.07, 0.02)

−0.11 (−0.26, 0.04)

−2.97 (−6.28, 0.34)

0.49 (−1.11, 2.08)

−0.32 (−1.33, 0.69)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

−0.18 (−0.31, -0.06)**

−0.05 (−0.2, 0.1)

0.02 (−0.02, 0.07)

−0.09 (−0.24, 0.06)

−1.2 (−4.49, 2.08)

0.9 (−0.68, 2.49)

−0.01 (−1.01, 0.98)

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

0.23 (0, 0.46)*

0.03 (−0.25, 0.31)

−0.01 (−0.1, 0.07)

0.06 (−0.21, 0.34)

0.68 (−5.34, 6.69)

−1.56 (−4.45, 1.32)

−0.24 (−2.06, 1.58)

HbA_1c (%)

−0.25 (−1.36, 0.86)

−0.29 (−1.67, 1.09)

0.31 (−0.11, 0.72)

−0.37 (−1.71, 0.98)

−16.0 (−45.67, 13.67)

−0.95 (−15.41, 13.51)

−1.77 (−11.64, 8.1)

Cholesterol (mmol/l)

0.37 (−1.22, 1.96)

−1.61 (−3.54, 0.33)

−0.28 (−0.88, 0.32)

−0.72 (−2.62, 1.18)

−32.8 (−74.95, 9.31)

−18.9 (−39.15, 1.45)

3.91 (−9.19, 17.02)

Diabetes diagnosis (clinically diagnosed = ref.)

2.91 (−0.59, 6.42)

6.09 (1.74, 10.43)**

1.04 (−0.27, 2.35)

−4.9 (−9.21, -0.6)*

−56.5 (−151.76, 38.81)

74.2 (27.92, 120.41)**

10.2 (−19.43, 39.82)

Psychological characteristics

Intention

Physical activity

−0.37 (−3.41, 2.68)

-

0.69 (−0.46, 1.84)

-

-

-

-

Lower fat diet

-

−1.89 (−5.68, 1.89)

-

−1.01 (−4.81, 2.78)

−26.2 (−110.29, 57.83)

−20.8 (−62.08, 20.44)

22.5 (−3.14, 48.04)

Perceived behavioural control

Physical activity

1.04 (−1.47, 3.55)

-

0.04 (−0.9, 0.98)

-

-

-

-

Lower fat diet

-

0.22 (−2.86, 3.3)

-

−0.98 (−4.04, 2.09)

−7.52 (−75.32, 60.27)

17.7 (−16.12, 51.41)

−5.49 (−26.22, 15.24)

Behavioural beliefs

Physical activity

−1.06 (−4.13, 2.02)

-

−0.7 (−1.84, 0.43)

-

-

-

-

Lower fat diet

-

0.06 (−3.67, 3.79)

-

0.62 (−3.11, 4.35)

19.6 (−62.88, 102.09)

−5.21 (−45.29, 34.87)

−8.66 (−34.28, 16.95)

Illness perception (1 to 5)

Diabetes treatment control

2.33 (−1.25, 5.91)

3.7 (−0.64, 8.04)

−0.38 (−1.71, 0.94)

0.24 (−3.99, 4.48)

9.49 (−84.44, 103.43)

−3.08 (−48.07, 41.92)

3.54 (−24.58, 31.67)

Diabetes consequences

1.51 (−1, 4.03)

1.43 (−1.65, 4.51)

0.58 (−0.38, 1.53)

−1.8 (−4.89, 1.29)

6.62 (−61.81, 75.04)

21.8 (−11.66, 55.18)

13.1 (−7.54, 33.73)

State anxiety (20 to 80)

−0.07 (−0.22, 0.08)

−0.12 (−0.3, 0.06)

−0.04 (−0.09, 0.02)

−0.06 (−0.25, 0.12)

−1.2 (−5.26, 2.86)

−0.81 (−2.74, 1.13)

0.15 (−1.07, 1.38)

Self-rated health (1 to 5)

−0.58 (−2.73, 1.58)

−0.6 (−3.19, 1.98)

−0.19 (−1.0, 0.62)

0.46 (−2.08, 3)

−2.66 (−59.09, 53.76)

−28 (−55.33, -0.69)*

−10.3 (−27.9, 7.36)