Skip to main content

Table 2 Questionnaire items and response options for the potential mediators

From: Educational inequalities in TV viewing among older adults: a mediation analysis of ecological factors

 

Reference

Personal factors

 

BMI: open-ended questions

 

‘What is your weight?’

 

‘What is your height?’

 

Quality of life: score on 100 using SF-36 with assessment on

[28–30]

  - Physical functioning

 

  - Role-physical (role limitations due to physical health)

 

  - Bodily pain

 

  - General health

 

  - Vitality

 

  - Social functioning

 

  - Role-emotional (role limitations due to emotional problems)

 

  - General mental health

 

Social environmental factors

 

Proximal factors:

 

Social support to limit sitting from family: 5-point scale ranging from ‘never’ to ‘very often’

[31]

‘During the past year, how often did members of your family or people you live with (including spouse/partner) discourage you from sitting around too much (e.g. watching too much TV)?’

 

Social support to limit sitting from friends or work colleagues: 5-point scale ranging from ‘never’ to ‘very often’

[31]

‘During the past year, how often did friends or work colleagues discourage you from sitting around too much (e.g. watching too much TV)?’

 

Social participation: not at all / < once per month / 1-2 per month / >2 per month

[32]

Informal social participation (visit to/from family, friends, neighbours)

 

Social participation in public spaces (café/restaurant, social club, cinema/theatre, party/dance)

 

Social participation in group activities (played sport, attend gym/exercise class, another class, hobby group, singing/acting/music group, self-help or support group)

 

Distal factors:

 

Interpersonal trust: 5-point scale ranging from ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree’

[33]

‘Most people can be trusted’

 

‘Most of the time people try to be helpful’

 

Social cohesion: 5-point scale ranging from ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree’

[34]

‘People in this neighbourhood can be trusted’

 

‘This is a close-knit neighbourhood’

 

‘People around here are willing to help their neighbours’

 

‘People in this neighbourhood generally don’t get along with each other’ (reverse scored)

 

‘People in this neighbourhood do not share the same values’ (reverse scored)

 

Personal safety: 5-point scale ranging from ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree’

[35]

‘I feel safe walking in my neighbourhood, day or night’

 

‘Violence is not a problem in my neighbourhood’

 

‘My neighbourhood is safe from crime’

 

Physical environmental factors

 

Neighbourhood aesthetics: 5-point scale ranging from ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree’

[32]

‘There is a lot of rubbish on the street in my neighbourhood’ (reverse scored)

 

‘There is a lot of noise in my neighbourhood’ (reverse scored)

 

‘In my neighbourhood the buildings and homes are well-maintained’

 

‘The buildings and homes in my neighbourhood are interesting’

 

‘My neighbourhood is attractive’

 

Neighbourhood physical activity environment: 5-point scale ranging from ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree’

[35]

‘My neighbourhood offers many opportunities to be physically active’

 

‘Local sports clubs and other facilities in my neighbourhood offer many opportunities to get exercise’

 

‘It is pleasant to walk in my neighbourhood’

 

‘The trees in my neighbourhood provide enough shade’

 

‘In my neighbourhood it is easy to walk places’

 

‘I often see other people walking in my neighbourhood’

 

‘I often see other people exercising (e.g. jogging, bicycling, playing sports) in my neighbourhood’

 

Number of televisions in the house: none / one / two / three / four or more

 

‘How many televisions do you have in your house?’

Â