What are the most effective techniques in changing obese individuals’ physical activity self-efficacy and behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Summary of the participant and study characteristics of included publications

Participant characteristics ^a	Mean (standard deviation) for self-efficacy analysis	Mean (standard deviation) for physical activity analysis
Mean age in years of participants (range 28–77 years)^a	49.1 (9.5)	50.0 (10.0)
Mean BMI of participants (range 30–42)^{a, b}	34.5 (3.7)	34.5 (3.9)
Mean percentage of females per study (range 0-100%)^{a, b}	79.2% (29.7)	73.1% (32.7)
Mean percentage of white participants per study (range 0-100%)^{a, b}	59.6% (31.3)	59.0% (36.3)
Study design ^c	Frequencies for self-efficacy analysis	Frequencies for physical activity analysis
Controlled trials	25	18
Pre-post design	36	24
Type of self-efficacy measured ^d	Frequencies for self-efficacy analysis	Frequencies for physical activity analysis
Task self-efficacy	9	N/A
Barrier self-efficacy	47	N/A
Combined barrier and task self-efficacy	1	N/A
Other/unclear	3	N/A

^a Data on age, exact BMI, gender and ethnicity was not provided by all studies.
^b This is the range for both the self-efficacy and physical activity studies.
^c This data is for the statistical analyses conducted, some of the studies were RCT’s but were analysed as pre-post studies.
^d One study measured perceived behavioural control, not self-efficacy [68].

ISSN: 1479-5868