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Table 4 Comparison between self-efficacy and physical activity behaviour, according to whether specific techniques are present in the physical activity intervention and when the technique is not present

From: What are the most effective techniques in changing obese individuals’ physical activity self-efficacy and behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Technique Self-efficacy Physical activity
Present Not present Present Not present
n k d n k d z n k d n k d z
1. Provide information on consequences of behaviour in general 5462 30 .174 4888 31 .206 .80 3721 19 .601 3893 23 .437 3.45***
2. Provide information on consequences of behaviour for the individual 4862 24 .244 5488 37 .213 .78 2544 10 .641 5070 32 .501 2.77**
5. Goal setting (behaviour) 7768 43 .212 2582 18 .268 1.22 5447 29 .624 2167 13 .346 5.31***
6. Goal Setting (outcome) 5514 21 .235 4836 40 .216 .48 3575 10 .751 4039 32 .448 6.31***
7. Action planning 1563 12 .322 8787 49 .208 2.05* 1026 7 .613 6588 35 .520 1.33
8. Barrier Identification/Problem solving 6496 38 .247 3404 23 .189 1.40 4617 23 .678 2997 19 .349 6.78***
9. Set graded tasks 5833 26 .167 4517 35 .287 3.03** 4315 17 .716 3299 25 .392 6.74***
10. Prompt review of behavioural goals 5610 26 .245 4740 35 .212 0.83 3596 14 .628 4018 28 .494 2.80**
12. Prompt rewards contingent on effort or progress towards behaviour 4312 23 .236 6038 38 .223 0.32 2407 11 .830 5207 31 .429 7.74***
13. Provide rewards contingent on successful behaviour 4420 19 .249 5930 42 .215 0.85 2624 9 .682 4990 33 .494 3.74***
15. Prompting generalisation of a target behaviour 598 3 0.05 9752 58 .237 2.20* 598 3 .380 7016 39 .552 1.96*
16. Prompt self-monitoring of behaviour 8552 43 .216 1798 18 .256 0.76 6294 29 .600 1320 13 .279 5.16***
17. Prompt self-monitoring of behavioural outcome 466 2 .468 9884 59 .217 2.59** 497 2 .804 7117 40 .524 2.85**
19. Provide feedback on performance 4795 23 .244 5555 38 .214 0.75 2804 11 .637 4810 31 .497 2.81**
20. Provide information on where and when to perform the behaviour 787 3 .309 9563 58 .224 1.13 815 3 .488 6799 39 .544 0.73
21. Provide instruction on how to perform the behaviour 5346 31 .241 5004 30 .213 0.70 3583 19 .676 4031 23 .430 5.15***
22. Model/demonstrate the behaviour 881 10 .155 9469 51 .235 1.12 841 9 .797 6773 33 .511 3.70***
23. Teach to use prompts/cues 3975 18 .236 6375 43 .221 0.37 2112 7 .949 5502 35 .433 9.50***
25. Agree behavioural contract 3782 17 .262 6568 44 .205 1.38 1823 5 .880 5791 37 .480 7.03***
26. Prompt practice 5713 35 .231 4637 26 .220 0.28 4071 25 .725 3543 17 .283 9.30***
27. Use of follow up prompts 334 2 .338 10016 59 .223 1.01   No interventions included this technique
28. Facilitate social comparison 708 6 .176 9642 55 .232 0.71 446 5 .845 7168 37 .520 3.14***
29. Plan social support/social change 6144 32 .258 4206 29 .181 1.91* 3983 19 .689 3631 23 .388 6.36***
33. Prompt self-talk 4717 22 .232 5633 39 .222 0.25 2854 11 .751 4760 31 .449 6.10***
35. Relapse prevention/coping planning 7209 37 .244 3141 24 .175 1.60 5067 24 .656 2547 18 .366 5.77***
36. Stress Management/emotional control training 4782 23 .222 5568 38 .184 .96 2983 13 .678 4631 29 .414 5.41***
37. Motivational interviewing 389 4 .223 9961 57 .224 0.004 351 3 .384 7263 39 .513 1.15
38. Time management 4740 26 .272 5610 35 .192 2.01* 2386 16 .553 5228 26 .472 1.58
  1. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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