What are the most effective techniques in changing obese individuals’ physical activity self-efficacy and behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Olander, Ellinor K; Fletcher, Helen; Williams, Stefanie; Atkinson, Lou; Turner, Andrew; French, David P

doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-29

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Table 4 Comparison between self-efficacy and physical activity behaviour, according to whether specific techniques are present in the physical activity intervention and when the technique is not present

From: What are the most effective techniques in changing obese individuals’ physical activity self-efficacy and behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Technique	Self-efficacy							Physical activity
	Present			Not present				Present			Not present
	n	k	d	n	k	d	z	n	k	d	n	k	d	z
1. Provide information on consequences of behaviour in general	5462	30	.174	4888	31	.206	.80	3721	19	.601	3893	23	.437	3.45***
2. Provide information on consequences of behaviour for the individual	4862	24	.244	5488	37	.213	.78	2544	10	.641	5070	32	.501	2.77**
5. Goal setting (behaviour)	7768	43	.212	2582	18	.268	1.22	5447	29	.624	2167	13	.346	5.31***
6. Goal Setting (outcome)	5514	21	.235	4836	40	.216	.48	3575	10	.751	4039	32	.448	6.31***
7. Action planning	1563	12	.322	8787	49	.208	2.05*	1026	7	.613	6588	35	.520	1.33
8. Barrier Identification/Problem solving	6496	38	.247	3404	23	.189	1.40	4617	23	.678	2997	19	.349	6.78***
9. Set graded tasks	5833	26	.167	4517	35	.287	3.03**	4315	17	.716	3299	25	.392	6.74***
10. Prompt review of behavioural goals	5610	26	.245	4740	35	.212	0.83	3596	14	.628	4018	28	.494	2.80**
12. Prompt rewards contingent on effort or progress towards behaviour	4312	23	.236	6038	38	.223	0.32	2407	11	.830	5207	31	.429	7.74***
13. Provide rewards contingent on successful behaviour	4420	19	.249	5930	42	.215	0.85	2624	9	.682	4990	33	.494	3.74***
15. Prompting generalisation of a target behaviour	598	3	0.05	9752	58	.237	2.20*	598	3	.380	7016	39	.552	1.96*
16. Prompt self-monitoring of behaviour	8552	43	.216	1798	18	.256	0.76	6294	29	.600	1320	13	.279	5.16***
17. Prompt self-monitoring of behavioural outcome	466	2	.468	9884	59	.217	2.59**	497	2	.804	7117	40	.524	2.85**
19. Provide feedback on performance	4795	23	.244	5555	38	.214	0.75	2804	11	.637	4810	31	.497	2.81**
20. Provide information on where and when to perform the behaviour	787	3	.309	9563	58	.224	1.13	815	3	.488	6799	39	.544	0.73
21. Provide instruction on how to perform the behaviour	5346	31	.241	5004	30	.213	0.70	3583	19	.676	4031	23	.430	5.15***
22. Model/demonstrate the behaviour	881	10	.155	9469	51	.235	1.12	841	9	.797	6773	33	.511	3.70***
23. Teach to use prompts/cues	3975	18	.236	6375	43	.221	0.37	2112	7	.949	5502	35	.433	9.50***
25. Agree behavioural contract	3782	17	.262	6568	44	.205	1.38	1823	5	.880	5791	37	.480	7.03***
26. Prompt practice	5713	35	.231	4637	26	.220	0.28	4071	25	.725	3543	17	.283	9.30***
27. Use of follow up prompts	334	2	.338	10016	59	.223	1.01	No interventions included this technique
28. Facilitate social comparison	708	6	.176	9642	55	.232	0.71	446	5	.845	7168	37	.520	3.14***
29. Plan social support/social change	6144	32	.258	4206	29	.181	1.91*	3983	19	.689	3631	23	.388	6.36***
33. Prompt self-talk	4717	22	.232	5633	39	.222	0.25	2854	11	.751	4760	31	.449	6.10***
35. Relapse prevention/coping planning	7209	37	.244	3141	24	.175	1.60	5067	24	.656	2547	18	.366	5.77***
36. Stress Management/emotional control training	4782	23	.222	5568	38	.184	.96	2983	13	.678	4631	29	.414	5.41***
37. Motivational interviewing	389	4	.223	9961	57	.224	0.004	351	3	.384	7263	39	.513	1.15
38. Time management	4740	26	.272	5610	35	.192	2.01*	2386	16	.553	5228	26	.472	1.58

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

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ISSN: 1479-5868

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