Correlates of walking and cycling for transport and recreation: factor structure, reliability and behavioural associations of the perceptions of the environment in the neighbourhood scale (PENS)

Table 5 Environmental factors and likelihood of participating in any walking for transport or recreation

		WALKING FOR TRANSPORT				WALKING FOR RECREATION
n = 2937^a		MODEL 1^b		MODEL 2^c		MODEL 1^b		MODEL 2^c
		OR (CI)	p-value	OR (CI)	p-value	OR (CI)	p-value	OR (CI)	p-value
Traffic safety
(3 items)	Low	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
	Medium	1.19 (0.97-1.47)	0.091	1.07 (0.86-1.32)	0.561	1.05 (0.86-1.27)	0.647	0.97 (0.79-1.19)	0.765
	High	1.16 (0.93-1.45)	0.185	0.98 (0.77-1.26)	0.902	1.02 (0.83-1.25)	0.883	0.82 (0.65-1.03)	0.089
Supportive infrastructure
(4 items)	Low	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
	Medium	1.52 (1.20-1.91)	0.001^#	1.35 (1.05-1.73)	0.018*	0.99 (0.79-1.23)	0.913	1.0 (0.788-1.26)	0.972
	High	1.65 (1.30-2.10)	0.000^#	1.44 (1.08-1.90)	0.012*	1.41 (1.12-1.77)	0.004^#	1.47 (1.13-1.92)	0.005^#
Local amenities
(3 items)	Low	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
	Medium	1.85 (1.24-2.75)	0.003^#	1.71 (1.14-2.58)	0.010^#	0.94 (0.64-1.38)	0.741	0.94 (0.63-1.38)	0.736
	High	2.46 (1.68-3.58)	0.000^#	2.14 (1.44-3.18)	0.000^#	1.16 (0.81-1.67)	0.417	1.06 (0.73-1.56)	0.754
Social order
(2 items)	Low	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
	Medium	0.81 (0.61-1.08)	0.146	0.77 (0.58-1.02)	0.072	1.15 (0.90-1.47)	0.254	1.12 (0.88-1.43)	0.366
	High	0.86 (0.65-1.15)	0.321	0.77 (0.57-1.03)	0.081	1.12 (0.87-1.43)	0.391	1.06 (0.82-1.37)	0.675
Street connectivity
(1 item)	Low	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
	Medium	1.05 (0.75-1.46)	0.791	0.95 (0.67-1.330	0.750	0.94 (0.68-1.30)	0.698	0.89 (0.64-1.23)	0.480
	High	1.18 (0.87-1.61)	0.277	1.05 (0.76-1.43)	0.782	1.03 (0.77-1.39)	0.836	0.96 (0.71-1.30)	0.799
General environment quality
(12 items)	Low	1.0		-	-	1.0		-	-
	Medium	1.91 (1.24-2.94)	0.003^#	-	-	0.85 (0.56-1.30)	0.449	-	-
	High	2.32 (1.49-3.60)	0.000^#	-	-	1.08 (0.71-1.66)	0.716	-	-

^aiConnect core baseline sample; ^badjusted for sex, age, ethnic group, education, housing tenure, household cars, household bicycles, location (urban or rural) and case study site; ^cadjusted for b and the environmental factors which are not the independent variable in the analysis; *p < 0.05 #p < 0.01; OR = odds ratio; CI = 95% confidence interval.

ISSN: 1479-5868