Correlates of walking and cycling for transport and recreation: factor structure, reliability and behavioural associations of the perceptions of the environment in the neighbourhood scale (PENS)

Table 6 Environmental factors and likelihood of participating in any cycling for transport or recreation

		CYCLING FOR TRANSPORT				CYCLING FOR RECREATION
n = 2937^a		MODEL 1^b		MODEL 2^c		MODEL 1^b		MODEL 2^c
		OR (CI)	p-value	OR (CI)	p-value	OR (CI)	p-value	OR (CI)	p-value
Traffic safety
(3 items)	Low	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
	Medium	0.91 (0.66-1.24)	0.530	0.83 (0.60-1.16)	0.274	0.81 (0.60-1.10)	0.178	0.82 (0.60-1.12)	0.205
	High	1.01 (0.73-1.40)	0.952	0.89 (0.61-1.29)	0.530	0.97 (0.71-1.33)	0.851	0.91 (0.64-1.31)	0.620
Supportive infrastructure
(4 items)	Low	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
	Medium	1.04 (0.73-1.48)	0.821	0.98 (0.67-1.42)	0.902	0.73 (0.53-1.02)	0.065	0.68 (0.48-0.97)	0.031*
	High	1.19 (0.83-1.71)	0.341	1.09 (0.72-1.66)	0.693	0.96 (0.68-1.34)	0.799	0.82 (0.55-1.22)	0.326
Local amenities
(3 items)	Low	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
	Medium	1.56 (0.75-3.26)	0.232	1.51 (0.72-3.18)	0.280	0.90 (0.47-1.71)	0.736	0.98 (0.51-1.89)	0.955
	High	1.83 (0.91-3.70)	0.090	1.69 (0.82-3.49)	0.156	1.25 (0.68-2.23)	0.473	1.38 (0.73-2.58)	0.321
Social order
(2 items)	Low	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
	Medium	1.05 (0.70-1.57)	0.811	1.05 (0.70-1.57)	0.808	1.28 (0.84-1.94)	0.251	1.30 (0.85-1.98)	0.228
	High	1.33 (0.88-2.01)	0.181	1.32 (0.86-2.01)	0.202	1.44 (0.94-2.20)	0.098	1.44 (0.93-2.22)	0.104
Street connectivity
(1 items)	Low	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
	Medium	1.95 (1.04-3.65)	0.038*	1.93 (1.02-3.63)	0.042*	0.75 (0.45-1.25)	0.269	0.77 (0.46-1.29)	0.323
	High	1.69 (0.93-3.06)	0.082	1.64 (0.90-2.99)	0.106	0.97 (0.61-1.54)	0.899	0.97 (0.60-1.55)	0.887
General environment quality
(12 items)	Low	1.0		-	-	1.0		-	-
	Medium	0.78 (0.40-1.50)	0.450	-	-	0.54 (0.30-0.99)	0.046*	-	-
	High	0.98 (0.50-1.91)	0.956	-	-	0.61 (0.33-1.13)	0.116	-	-

^aiConnect core baseline sample; ^badjusted for sex, age, ethnic group, education, housing tenure, household cars, household bicycles, location (urban or rural) and case study site; ^cadjusted for b and the environmental factors which are not the independent variable in the analysis; *p < 0.05 #p < 0.01; OR = odds ratio; CI = 95% confidence interval.

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