Fussy eaters | Non-fussy eaters | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Child characteristics | N for analysis | N (%) fussy eaters | Mean (SEM) | Mean (SEM) | t | df | p | |
Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 4896 | 275 (5.6) | 39.92 (0.11) | 39.84 (0.03) | -0.75 | 4894 | .45 | |
Birth weight (g) | 4909 | 276 (5.6) | 3374 (34.2) | 3446 (8.3) | 2.03 | 4907 | .04 | |
BMI child around 4 y | 3117 | 181 (5.8) | 15.45 (0.09) | 15.84 (0.03) | 3.82 | 3115 | <.01 | |
BMI (SDS) child around 4 y1 | 3117 | 181 (5.8) | -0.18 (0.07) | 0.10 (0.02) | 3.90 | 3115 | <.01 | |
% | % | Χ 2 | df | p | ||||
Sex | Girl | 4914 | 277 (5.6) | 43.3 | 50.4 | 5.27 | 1 | .02 |
Birth weight | Low (<= 2500 g) | 4909 | 276 (5.6) | 5.1 | 4.9 | 0.01 | 1 | .91 |
Child ethnicity | Non-Western | 4875 | 270 (5.5) | 31.5 | 24.0 | 7.85 | 1 | .01 |
Firstborn | Yes | 4914 | 277 (5.6) | 53.8 | 56.9 | 1.04 | 1 | .31 |
Only child at 4 years | Yes | 4832 | 271 (5.6) | 23.2 | 21.5 | 0.48 | 1 | .49 |
Daycare attendance at 3 years | No | 4332 | 241 (5.6) | 7.1 | 6.0 | 2.34 | 2 | .31 |
Yes, < 8 h/week | 19.9 | 16.7 | ||||||
Yes, ≥ 8 h/week | 73.0 | 77.3 | ||||||
Weight status 4 years2 | Underweight | 3117 | 181 (5.8) | 19.3 | 12.3 | 8.02 | 2 | .02 |
Normal weight | 73.5 | 78.6 | ||||||
Overweight/obese | 7.2 | 9.1 | ||||||
Family characteristics | Mean (SEM) | Mean (SEM) | t | df | p | |||
Age mother at intake (years) | 4914 | 277 (5.6) | 30.82 (.28) | 31.55 (.07) | 2.55 | 4912 | .01 | |
Maternal feeding behavior | Monitoring, z-score | 4862 | 274 (5.6) | -.24 (.06) | .02 (.02) | 3.51 | 295.81 | <.01 |
Restricting, z-score | 4862 | 274 (5.6) | -.008 (.06) | -.002 (.02) | 0.19 | 302.04 | .85 | |
Pressuring, z-score | 4862 | 274 (5.6) | .77 (.06) | -.04 (.01) | -18.00 | 340.17 | <.01 | |
BMI mother before pregnancy | 3703 | 207 (5.6) | 23.11 (3.5) | 23.31 (3.9) | 0.70 | 3701 | .49 | |
BMI partner at intake | 3634 | 186 (5.1) | 25.17 (3.4) | 25.18 (3.3) | 0.03 | 3632 | .97 | |
% | % | Χ 2 | df | p | ||||
No. of overweight parents (BMI > 25) | 1 | 4255 | 235 (5.5) | 44.3 | 42.4 | 0.85 | 2 | .66 |
2 | 8.1 | 9.8 | ||||||
At least 1 underweight parent (BMI <18.5) | 4910 | 277 (5.6) | 3.6 | 3.0 | 0.38 | 1 | .54 | |
Marital status | Single | 4677 | 255 (5.5) | 8.6 | 7.9 | 0.19 | 1 | .66 |
Family income (€/month) | < 2200 | 4081 | 224 (5.5) | 42.0 | 31.8 | 9.97 | 1 | <.01 |
Educational level mother | Less than college | 4704 | 253 (5.4) | 54.5 | 41.4 | 17.07 | 1 | <.01 |
Smoking during pregnancy | Yes | 4413 | 242 (5.5) | 24.4 | 21.2 | 1.36 | 1 | .24 |