Table 1 Variables, the response types used, and the sources of the questions used
Variables | Response type | Sources | |
|---|---|---|---|
Traffic safety | |||
Home neighborhood environment | |||
(1) | Availability and quality of sidewalks | Rating scale (Likert) | |
(2) | Safe road crossings | Rating scale (Likert) | |
(3) | Observance of other people walking or bicycling | Rating scale (Likert) | |
En-route environment | |||
(4) | Availability of sidewalks/pathways | Rating scale (Likert) | [31] |
(5) | Safety at intersections/crossings | Rating scale (Likert) | [31] |
(6) | Crossing guards; and the amount/speed of traffic | Rating scale (Likert) | [31] |
School environment | |||
(7) | Availability and quality of sidewalks | Rating scale (Likert) | [31] |
(8) | Availability and quality of bike lanes/paths and bike racks | Rating scale (Likert) | [31] |
(9) | Trees along the streets; and safe road crossings. | Rating scale (Likert) | [31] |
Personal Safety | |||
Home neighborhood environment | |||
(10) | Safety of their child to walk or bike | Rating scale (Likert) | |
(11) | Personal sense of fear when walking outside alone after dark | Rating scale (Likert) | |
En-route environment | |||
(12) | Availability of adults or other children to walk with | Rating scale (Likert) | [31] |
(13) | Violence or crime (e.g. Bullying/gangs) | Rating scale (Likert) | [31] |
(14) | And stray or dangerous animals | Rating scale (Likert) | [31] |
School environment | |||
(15) | Attractive buildings or natural things to see | Rating scale (Likert) | [31] |
(16) | Abandoned houses or vacant lots | Rating scale (Likert) | [31] |
(17) | Condoms and drug-related paraphernalia | Rating scale (Likert) | [31] |
(18) | Well-maintained homes/apartments and gardens | Rating scale (Likert) | [31] |
(19) | Other people who walk/bike | Rating scale (Likert) | [31] |
Potential Covariates | |||
Socio-demographic status | |||
(20) | Government public assistance | Binary response | |
(21) | Respondent’s highest level of education | Multiple options | |
(22) | The family car-ownership status | Multiple options | [40] |
Acculturation | |||
(23) | The language parents spoke in “most of the time” | Multiple options | [41] |
(24) | The language parents thought in “most of the time” | Multiple options | [41] |
(25) | Parents reported if child's grandparents were born in the US | Binary response | [41] |
(26) | Parents reported if they were born in the US | Binary response | [41] |
(27) | Parents reported if their children were born in the US | Binary response | [41] |
Medical condition | |||
(28) | Medical conditions that limit physical activity for parents | Binary response | |
(29) | Medical conditions that limit physical activity for child | Binary response | |
(30) | Child has asthma | Binary response | |
(31) | If asthma, is it well controlled | Binary response | |
School policy | |||
(32) | Teachers encouraged students to walk/bike to school | Binary response | |
(33) | Schools had a walking school bus program | Binary response | |
(34) | Child’s school encouraged or discouraged walk/bike to school | Rating scale (Likert) | |
Social capital: civic engagement | |||
(35) | Voted in an election (local, state, or national) | Binary response | |
(36) | Written or called a government official about community issue | Binary response | |
(37) | Attended a meeting of any government body | Binary response | |
(38) | Volunteered at the child’s school | Binary response | |
(39) | Volunteered for any community organization | Binary response | |
Social capital: social integration | |||
(40) | People in my community work together to resolve problems | Rating scale (Likert) | [36] |
(41) | People in my community are only out for themselves | Rating scale (Likert) | [36] |
(42) | A small group of people has all the power in my community | Rating scale (Likert) | [36] |
(43) | I feel like an outsider in my community | Rating scale (Likert) | [36] |
(44) | There is nothing I can do to solve problems in my community | Rating scale (Likert) | [36] |