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Table 8 Relationship between sex, extracurricular school-based sports participation, community sports participation and amotivation towards sports

From: Extracurricular school-based sports as a motivating vehicle for sports participation in youth: a cross-sectional study

 

Amotivation towards sports (Model 4)

 

Parameter

Null model 4

Model 4a

Model 4b

Model 4c

Fixed part

β (S.E.)

β (S.E.)

β (S.E.)

β (S.E.)

Intercept

1.38 (0.03)

1.40 (0.03)

1.49 (0.10)

1.47 (0.06)

Age

 

0.03 (0.03)

0.03 (0.03)

0.03 (0.03)

SES (high)a

 

−0.05 (0.04)

−0.05 (0.04)

−0.05 (0.04)

Autonomous motivation

 

−0.50 (0.02)***

−0.50 (0.03)***

−0.50 (0.03)***

Controlled motivation

 

0.21 (0.03)***

0.20 (0.03)***

0.20 (0.03)***

Pupil sex (girl)b

  

−0.08 (0.12)

−0.10 (0.04)**

Extracurricular school-based sports participation (yes)c

  

0.00 (0.11)

−0.02 (0.04)

Community sports participation (yes)d

  

−0.10 (0.13)

−0.01 (0.05)

Girl x extracurricular school-based sports

  

−0.16 (0.15)

 

Girl x community sports

  

0.06 (0.15)

 

Extracurricular school-based sports x community sports

  

0.04 (0.14)

 

Girl x extracurricular school-based sports x community sports

  

0.11 (0.18)

 

Random part

σ2 (S.E.)

σ2 (S.E.)

σ2 (S.E.)

σ2 (S.E.)

School-level variance

0.01 (0.01)

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

Class-level variance

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

Pupil-level variance

0.50 (0.02)***

0.34 (0.02)***

0.33 (0.02)***

0.34 (0.02)***

Deviance test model

2 265.68

1 848.46***

1 837.07

1 841.31

Χ2 (df)

 

417.22 (4)

11.39 (11)

7.15 (7)

  1. Note. Values in parentheses are standard errors.
  2. **p < .01, ***p < .001.
  3. Reference category = 0; a0 = low and medium SES, 1 = high SES; b0 = boy, 1 = girl; c0 = no participation in extracurricular school-based sports in the current school year, 1 = participation in extracurricular school-based sports in the current school year; d0 = no participation in community sports in the current school year, 1 = participation in community sports in the current school year.
  4. Model 4b and 4c were both compared to model 4a to calculate χ2.