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Table 2 Descriptive statistics regarding friend norms and modelling, family rules, parent norms and modelling regarding soft drink intake, TV viewing, breakfast consumption and sport/physical activity participation for the whole sample a

From: Parents and friends both matter: simultaneous and interactive influences of parents and friends on European schoolchildren’s energy balance-related behaviours – the ENERGY cross-sectional study

  Behaviours Soft drink intake TV viewing Breakfast consumption Sport/physical activity participation
Concept Item Response categories n % n % n % n %
Friend norm If I < do specific behaviour > my friends think this is..... Bad - very bad 586 8% 644 8% 77 1% 32 0%
Neither good nor bad 3665 47% 4133 54% 1270 16% 515 7%
Good - very good 3514 45% 2885 38% 6409 83% 7235 93%
Friend modelling how often do your friends < specific behaviour > .... Never - not often 757 10% 226 3% 271 4% 182 2%
Sometimes 3436 44% 1910 25% 1121 14% 1152 15%
Often - always 3597 46% 5606 72% 6365 82% 6454 83%
Parent norm If I < do specific behaviour > my parents think this is..... Bad - very bad 2675 34% 2771 36% 40 1% 44 1%
Neither good nor bad 4065 52% 4363 56% 288 4% 125 2%
Good - very good 1050 13% 610 8% 7449 96% 7580 98%
Parent modelling how often do your parents < specific behaviour > .... Never - not often 3395 44% 1137 15% 533 7% 1693 22%
Sometimes 3066 39% 3186 41% 833 11% 2475 32%
Often - always 1328 17% 3447 44% 6413 82% 3593 46%
Family rules Do your parents/caregivers have rules about…. Yes 4116 53% 4200 54% 3146 40% 2602 33%
  1. aCountry specific values are previously reported [38].
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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