Table 1 Participant demographics by vegetarian status
Non-vegetarian (n = 1711) | Vegetarian (n = 106) | Test Statistic 1 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years, mean ± SE) | 44.8 ± 0.4 | 41.5 ± 1.8 | F = 3.63 | 0.057 |
Age Group | χ2 = 9.80 | 0.020 | ||
19 – 30 years | 24.8% | 38.1% | ||
31 – 50 years | 40.9% | 31.4% | ||
50 – 70 years | 24.3% | 20.0% | ||
71+ years | 10.1% | 10.5% | ||
Sex (% female) | 49.2% | 70.8% | χ2 = 18.58 | <0.001 |
Marital status | χ2 = 17.55 | 0.001 | ||
Single | 22.5% | 35.2% | ||
Married | 62.7% | 50.5% | ||
Widowed | 5.3% | 10.5% | ||
Divorced/separated | 9.5% | 3.8% | ||
Education level | χ2 = 0.45 | 0.800 | ||
Secondary or less | 33.3% | 32.1% | ||
Technical or some university | 47.6% | 46.2% | ||
University graduate | 19.1% | 21.7% | ||
Low income | 22.8% | 37.2% | χ2 = 9.28 | 0.002 |
Weight (kg, mean ± SE) | ||||
Men | 83.1 ± 0.6 | 82.2 ± 3.0 | F = 0.10 | 0.754 |
Women | 67.9 ± 0.6 | 62.5 ± 1.8 | F = 7.92 | 0.005 |
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SE) | ||||
Men | 26.7 ± 0.2 | 25.9 ± 0.8 | F = 0.81 | 0.346 |
Women | 25.7 ± 0.2 | 23.1 ± 0.7 | F = 13.66 | <0.001 |
BMI category – men | χ2 = 0.92 | 0.821 | ||
Underweight (< 18) | 0.2% | 0.0% | ||
Normal weight (18-<25) | 48.8% | 51.6% | ||
Overweight (≥ 25-<30) | 31.6% | 35.5% | ||
Obese (≥ 30) | 19.4% | 12.9% | ||
BMI category – women | χ2 = 16.34 | 0.001 | ||
Underweight (< 18) | 1.1% | 0.0% | ||
Normal weight (18-<25) | 59.6% | 83.1% | ||
Overweight (≥ 25-<30) | 21.2% | 12.7% | ||
Obese (≥ 30) | 18.1% | 4.2% | ||
Waist Circ. (cm, mean ± SE) | ||||
Men | 91.7 ± 0.4 | 92.5 ± 2.3 | F = 0.11 | 0.740 |
Women | 79.8 ± 0.5 | 75.0 ± 1.5 | F = 9.66 | 0.002 |
Health Condition – Men (% yes) | ||||
Diabetes | 5.5 | 3.2 | χ2 = 0.31 | 0.580 |
Heart disease | 6.1 | 19.4 | χ2 = 8.59 | 0.003 |
Stroke | 0.8 | 3.2 | χ2 = 1.99 | 0.158 |
High blood pressure | 11.6 | 6.5 | χ2 = 0.79 | 0.375 |
High cholesterol | 14.7 | 9.7 | χ2 = 0.61 | 0.434 |
Cancer | 4.5 | 6.5 | χ2 = 0.27 | 0.606 |
Osteoporosis | 0.7 | 0.0 | χ2 = 0.22 | 0.643 |
None of the above | 70.9 | 63.3 | χ2 = 0.81 | 0.370 |
Health Condition – Women (% yes) | ||||
Diabetes | 4.9 | 1.3 | χ2 = 1.97 | 0.160 |
Heart disease | 3.7 | 4.0 | χ2 = 0.02 | 0.889 |
Stroke | 1.9 | 0.0 | χ2 = 1.45 | 0.228 |
High blood pressure | 15.3 | 6.7 | χ2 = 4.15 | 0.042 |
High cholesterol | 11.3 | 6.8 | χ2 = 1.44 | 0.230 |
Cancer | 8.3 | 1.3 | χ2 = 4.70 | 0.030 |
Osteoporosis | 6.1 | 8.0 | χ2 = 0.44 | 0.506 |
None of the above | 67.7 | 78.4 | χ2 = 3.62 | 0.057 |