Label | Baseline | Follow-up 1 | Follow-up 2 | Two-year Intervention Effect | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | I | C | I | C | I | EffectA | SE | |
Dietary Intake | ||||||||
Calcium (mg)* | 1274 | 1199 | 1245 | 1401 | 1310 | 1394 | 92 | 82 |
Energy (kcal) | 2139 | 2136 | 2108 | 2138 | 2127 | 2047 | -- | -- |
Physical Activity | ||||||||
Weight-bearing PA score@ | 507 | 448 | 539 | 472 | 555 | 531 | 49 | 91 |
Osteogenic score$ | 29 | 24 | 25 | 23 | 25 | 22 | -- | -- |
Bone Mineral Area (BA) | ||||||||
Total body (cm2) | 1287 | 1274 | 1443 | 1421 | 1600 | 1606 | 8.1 | 7.2 |
Total hip (cm2) | 24.1 | 24.0 | 26.3 | 26.3 | 28.3 | 28.2 | -0.26 | 0.11 |
Spine (L1-4) (cm2) | 38.6 | 38.2 | 42.7 | 42.1 | 46.7 | 46.7 | .25 | .33 |
Femoral neck (cm2) | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.5 | .08 | .03 |
1/3 distal radius (cm2) | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | .01 | .01 |
Bone Mineral Content (BMC) | ||||||||
Total body (g) | 1106 | 1084 | 1292 | 1241 | 1495 | 1485 | -4.9 | 14.5 |
Total hip (g) | 17.9 | 17.3 | 20.9 | 20.4 | 24.2 | 23.7 | -.63 | .29 |
Spine (L1-4) (g) | 26.0 | 25.3 | 31.6 | 30.4 | 38.1 | 37.8 | -.06 | .58 |
Femoral neck (g) | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 3.5 | .03 | .04 |
1/3 distal radius (g) | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | .01 | .01 |
Bone Mineral Density (BMD) | ||||||||
Total body (g/cm2) | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.93 | 0.92 | -.003 | .01 |
Total hip (g/cm2) | 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.85 | 0.83 | -.010 | .01 |
Spine (L1-4) (g/cm2) | 0.67 | 0.66 | 0.73 | 0.71 | 0.81 | 0.80 | -.011 | .02 |
Femoral neck (g/cm2) | 0.71 | 0.69 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.80 | 0.78 | -.008 | .007 |
1/3 distal radius (g/cm2) | 0.52 | 0.51 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.57 | 0.57 | .001 | .004 |