Table 1 Food groupings used in the dietary pattern analysisa.
Food groups | Food in the group |
|---|---|
Processed meats | Bacon, sausage, hot dogs, salami, bologna, ham, pepperoni, liver paste |
Red meats | Beef, veal, lamb, pork, game and horse |
Organ meats | Liver or other organ meat such as heart, and kidney |
Fish and other seafood | Fish and sea food (all kinds) |
Poultry | Chicken and turkey with or without skin |
Eggs | Eggs including scrambled, fried, omelets, hard-boiled eggs and quiche |
Butter | Salted and unsalted butter |
Hydrogenated margarine | Hydrogenated margarine (all kinds) |
Non-hydrogenated fat | Non-hydrogenated margarine; oil and salad dressing (all kinds) |
Reduced- or low- fat dairy products | Skim, 1% or 2%-fat milk and yogurt |
High-fat dairy products | Whole milk; cheese (all kinds); cream; ice cream; yogurt (> 2%-fat) |
Hard liquor | Hard liquor such as tequila, gin, vodka, scotch, rum, whiskey |
Wine | Red or white wine |
Beer | Beer or low alcohol beer |
Tea | Regular tea with caffeine, decaffeinated or herbal tea |
Coffee | Regular coffee with caffeine or decaffeinated |
Fruits | All fruit including fresh, frozen, dried, compote (stewed) or canned |
Fruit juices | All fruit juices without additionned sugar |
Vegetables | All vegetables |
Vegetable juices | Vegetable and tomato juices |
Legumes | Lentils, chickpeas, beans, peas soup; soy product including tofu, soy milk |
Potatoes other than French fried | Potatoes |
French fries | French fries and fried potatoes |
Whole grains | Whole-wheat, whole-grain and other multigrain breads, bagels, tortillas, English muffins and pita; wheat or whole-grain pasta and brown rice; oatmeal and cream of wheat; whole-grain cereala |
Refined grains | White breads, bagels, pita, tortillas, English muffins, rice, pasta; muffins (home-made); couscous; pancakes; waffles; granola bar; refined cerealb |
Pizza | Pizza (all kinds) |
Snacks | Potato chips, popcorn, crackers |
Nuts | All nuts or seed and nuts butter |
Regular soft drinks | Regular soft drinks |
Diet soft drinks | Diet soft drinks |
Mayonnaise | Regular and low-fat mayonnaise |
Cream-based soups | Cream soup (all kinds) |
Soups, broth, or bouillon | Noncream, broth-based soups |
Desserts | Cookies, pies, pudding, cakes, doughnuts, croissants, pastries, muffins (commercial), coated granola bar, frozen treats (ice cream sandwichs, fudge, ice cream bars). |
Sweets | Table sugar, brown sugar, maple and corn syrup, honey, jam, candy, fudge, maple taffy, chocolate bar or pieces and candy bar with chocolate |
Condiments | Ketchup, mustard, barbecue sauce, soy sauce |
Meats pies | Chicken, meat and, salmon pies |
Supplement products | Nutribar® and Slim Fast® bars, Thirst quencher |