| Mean (SD) or Percent |  | |
---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | Usual Care (N = 116) | MLP (N = 163) | Significance (p Value) |
Age | 60.7 (7.8) | 61.1 (8.0) | .70 |
Weight (kg) | 93.9 (23.8) | 92.3 (21.2) | .55 |
Waist/hip ratio | 0.9 (.08) | 0.91 (.08) | .35 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 35.6 (8.8) | 35.1 (7.7) | .62 |
Age diagnosed with diabetes | 52.5 (10.7) | 53.0 (10.0) | .71 |
Years taking medications | 5.0 (6.3) | 4.9 (4.9) | .90 |
Years diagnosed with diabetes | 8.5 (8.3) | 8.2 (7.3) | .77 |
Current smoker (% yes) | 10.3 | 8.7 | .59 |
Income | Â | Â | .22 |
   % $0 to $ 9,999 | 14.9 | 5.8 |  |
   % $10,000 to $19,999 | 21.9 | 24.5 |  |
   % $20,000 to $29.999 | 17.5 | 23.9 |  |
   % $30,000 to $39,000 | 17.5 | 14.2 |  |
   % $40,000 to $49,000 | 10.5 | 11.0 |  |
   % $50,000 to $59,999 | 9.5 | 5.8 |  |
   % $60,000 to $69,999 | 0.9 | 5.2 |  |
   % $70,000 to $79,999 | 1.7 | 3.9 |  |
   % $80,000 or more | 5.2 | 5.8 |  |
Type of glucose-lowering medication | Â | Â | .62 |
   % None | 17.2 | 24.7 |  |
   % Oral medication only | 61.2 | 54.9 |  |
   % Insulin only | 12.1 | 7.4 |  |
   % Insulin and oral medication | 9.5 | 13.0 |  |
Present living arrangement | Â | Â | .43 |
   % With spouse | 49.1 | 51.5 |  |
   % With spouse and children | 11.2 | 9.8 |  |
   % With children or others | 9.4 | 14.7 |  |
   % Alone | 30.2 | 23.9 |  |
Level of education achieved | Â | Â | .72 |
   % 0 to 11th grade | 11.2 | 8.5 |  |
   % High school graduate | 25.0 | 25.2 |  |
   % Some college | 39.7 | 43.6 |  |
   % College/university graduate | 24.1 | 22.7 |  |
   % Caucasian | 94.8 | 92.0 | .59 |
Medications | Â | Â | Â |
   % Taking lipid-lowering | 40.5 | 38.9 | .79 |
   % Taking blood pressure-lowering | 47.4 | 46.3 | .86 |
   % Taking estrogen replacement therapy | 46.6 | 59.3 | .04 |
Number of comorbidities | Â | Â | .27 |
   % With no other disease | 4.3 | 4.9 |  |
   % With 1–2 other diseases | 43.1 | 50.9 |  |
   % With ≥ 3 other diseases | 52.6 | 44.2 |  |
Most prevalent comorbidities | Â | Â | Â |
   % Having CHD | 15.0 | 14.0 | .26 |
   % Having arthritis | 50.9 | 56.4 | .36 |
   % Having high blood pressure | 72.4 | 70.6 | .74 |
   % Having back problems | 37.9 | 33.1 | .41 |