First Author – Year
|
Age Range or Mean (SD)
|
Nanalyzed
|
Population
|
Direct Measure
|
Indirect Measure
|
Units
|
Testing Conditions*
|
---|
| |
Total
|
Men
|
Women
| | | | | |
---|
Adams 2003 A
|
40–65
|
80
|
0
|
80
|
Disease free
|
Accel
|
7-day PAR – Light
|
kcal/kg/day
|
A
|
Adams 2003 B
| | | | | |
Accel
|
7-day PAR – MPA
| | |
Adams 2003 C
| | | | | |
Accel
|
7-day PAR – VPA
| | |
Adams 2005 A
|
40–65
|
80
|
0
|
80
|
Disease free
|
DLW
|
7-day PAR 1
|
kcal/kg/day
|
C
|
Adams 2005 B
| | | | | |
DLW
|
7-day PAR 2
| | |
Adams 2005 C
| | | | | |
DLW
|
24-hr PAR
| | |
Ainsworth 1993 A
|
23–59
|
75
|
27
|
48
|
White collar workers
|
Accel
|
7-day PAR
|
average MET
|
NS
|
Ainsworth 1993 B
| | | | | |
Accel
|
Tecumseh
| | |
Ainsworth 1993 C
| | | | | |
Accel
|
PAR
| | |
Ainsworth 2000
|
20–60
|
50
|
0
|
50
|
Females
|
Accel
|
KPAS
|
MET-min/day
|
A
|
Atienza 2005
|
60.3 (9.1)
|
15
|
0
|
15
|
Filipino American
|
Accel
|
3-day PAD
|
min/3-day
|
A
|
Barnard 2002
|
22–59
|
15
|
8
|
7
|
Healthy volunteers
|
DLW
|
MAQ
|
MJ
|
NS
|
Bassett 2000
|
25–70
|
96
|
48
|
48
|
General population
|
Ped
|
CAQ
|
kcal/week
|
D
|
Bernstein 1998
|
35–69
|
41
|
18
|
23
|
General population
|
HRM
|
PAFQ
|
kcal/day
|
C
|
Bonnefoy 2001
|
66–82
|
19
|
19
|
0
|
Elderly
|
DLW
|
QAPSE
|
kcal/day
|
A
|
Boulay 1994 A
|
21 (5)
|
15
|
15
|
0
|
X-Country skiers
|
HRM
|
3-day PAD
|
MJ/day
|
C
|
Boulay 1994 B
|
22 (1)
| | | |
Controls
|
HRM
| | | |
Buchowski 1999 A
|
20–50
|
115
|
45
|
70
|
Volunteers – Normal
|
Indirect cal.
|
PAD ≤ 2.4 METS
|
min/day
|
A
|
Buchowski 1999 B
| | | | | |
Indirect cal.
|
PAD 2.5–4.4 METS
| | |
Buchowski 1999 C
| | | | | |
Indirect cal.
|
PAD ≥ 4.5 METS
| | |
Buchowski 1999 D
| | | | |
Volunteers – Exercise
|
Indirect cal.
|
PAD ≤ 2.4 METS
| | |
Buchowski 1999 E
| | | | | |
Indirect cal.
|
PAD 2.5–4.4 METS
| | |
Buchowski 1999 F
| | | | | |
Indirect cal.
|
PAD ≥ 4.5 METS
| | |
Clark 1994 A
|
37.3 (3.6)
|
14
|
0
|
14
|
Large eaters
|
DLW
|
PAD
|
MJ/day
|
C
|
Clark 1994 B
|
39.7 (2.0)
| | | |
Small eaters
|
DLW
| | | |
Conway 2002 A
|
42 (2.3)
|
24
|
24
|
0
|
Feeding study
|
DLW
|
Minnesota
|
MJ/day
|
C
|
Conway 2002 B
| | | | | |
DLW
|
Tecumseh
| | |
Conway 2002 AA
|
41.2 (2.0)
|
24
|
24
|
0
|
Feeding study
|
DLW
|
PAR
|
MJ/day
|
C
|
Conway 2002 BB
| | | | | |
DLW
|
Stanford
| | |
Davis 2004 A
|
19–69
|
62
|
24
|
38
|
Obese
|
Accel
|
YPAS
|
kcal/day
|
NS
|
Davis 2004 B
| | | | | |
Accel
| |
kcal/kg/day
| |
Davis 2004 C
| | | | |
Normal weight
|
Accel
| |
kcal/day
| |
Davis 2004 D
| | | | | |
Accel
| |
kcal/kg/day
| |
Ekelund 2006 A
|
20–69
|
185
|
87
|
98
|
Swedish adults
|
Accel
|
IPAQ – MPA
|
min/day
|
A
|
Ekelund 2006 B
| | | | | |
Accel
|
IPAQ – VPA
| | |
Fogelholm 1998
|
29–46
|
20
|
0
|
20
|
Overwgt premenopause
|
HRM
|
PAD
|
min/day
|
A
|
Friedenreich 2006 A
|
35–65
|
154
|
75
|
79
|
Healthy Canadians
|
Accel
|
PAQ
|
MET-hr/week
|
B
|
Friedenreich 2006 B
| | | | | |
Accel
|
7-day PAR
|
MET-hr/week
| |
Friedenreich 2006 C
| | | | | |
Accel
|
PAQ
|
hr/week
| |
Friedenreich 2006 D
| | | | | |
Accel
|
7-day PAR
|
hr/week
| |
Hagfors 2005
|
diet 58.8 (9.9), control 59.5 (8.1)
|
9
|
3
|
6
|
Rheumatoid Arthritis
|
DLW
|
3-day PAR
|
MJ/day
|
C
|
Hayden-Wade 2003 A
|
18–67
|
69
|
25
|
44
|
Active and sedentary
|
Accel
|
7-day PAR – MPA
|
min/week
|
A
|
Hayden-Wade 2003 B
| | | | | |
Accel
|
7-day PAR – Hard
| | |
Hayden-Wade 2003 C
| | | | | |
Accel
|
7-day PAR – Vhard
| | |
Iqbal 2006 A
|
26 (3.8)
|
50
|
0
|
50
|
Pakistani
|
Accel
|
MOSPA – LT
|
kcal/day
|
A
|
Iqbal 2006 B
| | | | | |
Accel
|
MOSPA – ST
| | |
Irwin 2001 A
|
27–65
|
24
|
24
|
0
|
Adult men
|
DLW
|
7-day PAR
|
kcal/day
|
C
|
Irwin 2001 B
| | | | | |
DLW
|
PAL
| | |
Jacobs Jr 1993 A
|
20–59
|
78
|
28
|
50
| |
Accel
|
Minnesota
|
MET/min/day
|
NS
|
Jacobs Jr 1993 B
| | | | | |
Accel
|
7-day PAR
| | |
Jacobs Jr 1993 C
| | | | | |
Accel
|
CAQ
| | |
Jakicic 1998 A
|
25–50
|
50
|
0
|
50
|
Overwgt under reporters
|
Accel
|
PAR
|
min/week
|
A
|
Jakicic 1998 B
| | | | |
Overwgt over reporters
|
Accel
|
PAR
| | |
Johnson Kozlow 2006 A
|
35–77
|
96
|
0
|
96
|
Breast cancer
|
Accel
|
IPAQ
|
min/week
|
A
|
Johnson Kozlow 2006 B
| |
63
|
0
|
63
| | |
7-day PAR
| | |
Johnson-Kozlow 2007
|
38–72
|
63
|
0
|
63
|
Breast cancer
|
Accel
|
WHIQ
|
min/week
|
A
|
Koulouri 2006 A
|
28.3 (6.0)
|
10
| | |
Healthy – baseline
|
Ped
|
PAD
|
KJ
|
A
|
Koulouri 2006 B
| | | | |
Healthy – intervention
|
Ped
| | | |
Lasuzzo 2004
|
71.7 (8.2)
|
39
|
19
|
20
|
Seniors
|
Accel
|
Fullerton
|
MET-min/day
|
A
|
Leenders 1998 A
|
18–40
|
10
|
0
|
10
|
Healthy females
|
Accel, HRM, DLW
|
7-day PAR
|
kcal/day
|
A
|
Leenders 1998 B
| | | | | |
Accel, DLW
|
PAEE
|
kcal/day
| |
Leenders 2000
|
26 (6.6)
|
12
|
0
|
12
|
Healthy college
|
Accel, Ped
|
7-day PAR
|
kcal/kg/day
|
A
|
Leenders 2001
|
21–37
|
13
|
0
|
13
|
Healthy females
|
Accel, Ped, DLW
|
7-day PAR
|
kcal/day
|
A
|
Lemmer 2001 A
|
20–30
|
40
|
21
|
19
|
Younger males
|
Accel
|
PAQ
|
kJ/day
|
C
|
Lemmer 2001 B
|
65–75
| | | |
Older males
|
Accel
| | | |
Levin 1999 A
|
21–59
|
77
|
28
|
49
|
Healthy volunteers
|
Accel
|
4-week PAR
|
MET-min/day
|
C
|
Levin 1999 B
| | | | | | |
SAFE
| | |
Liu 2001
|
22–86
|
31
| | |
Elderly Chinese
|
Indirect cal.
|
PAQ
|
kcal
|
NS
|
Lof 2003 A
|
21–41
|
34
|
0
|
34
|
Healthy Swedish
|
Accel, HRM, DLW
|
PAQ – TEE
|
kJ/24-hour
|
A
|
Lof 2003 B
| | | | | |
HRM
|
PAQ – PAEE
| | |
Lovejoy 2001 A
|
47.4 (0.2)
|
149
|
0
|
149
|
Premenopausal African
|
Accel
|
PAQ
|
kJ/day
|
D
|
Lovejoy 2001 B
| | | | |
Premenopausal White
|
Accel
| |
kJ/day
| |
Masse 1999
|
35–61
|
31
|
0
|
31
|
Volunteers
|
Accel
|
3-day PAD
|
kcal/day
|
A
|
Matthews 1995 A
|
26.7
|
25
|
14
|
11
|
University volunteers
|
Accel
|
3-day PAL
|
kcal/day
|
A
|
Matthews 1995 B
| | | | | | |
7-day PAR
| | |
Matthews 2005 A
|
46
|
69
| | |
Volunteers
|
Accel
|
24-hr PAR
|
min/day
|
C
|
Matthews 2005 B
| | | | | |
Accel
| |
min/wk
| |
Matthews 2005 C
| | | | | |
Accel
|
STAR Closed
|
min/day
| |
Matthews 2005 D
| | | | | |
Accel
| |
min/wk
| |
Matthews 2005 E
| | | | | |
Accel
|
STAR Open
|
min/day
| |
Matthews 2005 F
| | | | | |
Accel
| |
min/wk
| |
McDermott 2000 A
|
67.2 (7.0)
|
41
|
19
|
22
|
Peripheral Arterial Disease
|
Accel
|
LTPAQ
|
kcal/week
|
A
|
McDermott 2000 B
|
66.1 (5.4)
| | | |
Non-PAD
|
Accel
| | | |
Meriwether 2006 A
|
20–61
|
63
|
10
|
58
|
Volunteers
|
Accel
|
PAAT
|
min/week
|
A
|
Meriwether 2006 B
| | | | | |
Accel
|
IPAQ
| | |
Miller 2005 A
|
61.6 (7.2)
|
13
| | |
Diabetic/CABG intervention
|
Accel
|
7-day PAD
|
kcal/kg/day
|
D
|
Miller 2005 B
| | | | |
Diabetic/CABG control
|
Accel
| | | |
Paton 1996
|
26–45
|
10
|
10
|
0
|
HIV positive
|
DLW
|
PAD
|
PA Level
|
A
|
Paul 2005
|
39 (9)
|
12
|
12
|
0
|
Non-smoking
|
DLW
|
7-day PAQ
|
MJ/day
|
A
|
Pitta 2005 A
|
61 (8)
|
13
|
10
|
3
|
COPD – Walking
|
Accel
|
1-day PAD
|
mins.
|
A
|
Pitta 2005 B
| | | | |
COPD – Cycling
|
Accel
| | | |
Pitta 2005 C
| | | | |
COPD – Standing
|
Accel
| | | |
Pitta 2005 D
| | | | |
COPD – Sitting
|
Accel
| | | |
Pitta 2005 E
| | | | |
COPD – Lying
|
Accel
| | | |
Racette 1995 A
|
21–47
|
14
|
0
|
14
|
Obese
|
HRM, DLW
|
7-day PAR
|
MJ/day
|
C
|
Racette 1995 B
| | | | | |
HRM
| |
kcal/day
| |
Richardson 1994 A
|
20–59
|
78
|
28
|
50
|
Healthy
|
Accel
|
Minnesota
|
MET/min/day
|
C
|
Richardson 1994 B
| | | | | |
Accel
|
4-week PAQ
| | |
Richardson 1994 C
| | | | | |
Accel
|
48-hr PAL
| | |
Richardson 1995
|
20–59
|
78
|
28
|
50
|
Healthy
|
Accel
|
Baecke
|
MET/min/day
|
A
|
Richardson 2001
|
20–59
|
77
|
27
|
50
|
Healthy
|
Accel
|
Stanford 7-day PAR
|
MET/min/day
|
A
|
Rothenberg 1998
|
73
|
20
|
8
|
12
|
Healthy, free-living
|
HRM, DLW
|
PAD
|
MJ/day
|
C
|
Rutgers 1997 A
|
68–78
|
13
|
0
|
13
|
Elderly – individual calibration
|
HRM
|
PAQ
|
MJ/day
|
A
|
Rutgers 1997 B
| | | | |
Elderly – group calibration
|
HRM
| | | |
Schmidt 2003 A
|
39–65
|
58
|
0
|
58
|
College – Freedson
|
Accel
|
PAL
|
min/day
|
A
|
Schmidt 2003 B
| | | | |
College – Hendelman
|
Accel
| | | |
Schmidt 2003 C
| | | | |
College – Swartz
|
Accel
| | | |
Schmidt 2006 A
|
18–47
|
54
|
0
|
54
|
Pregnant – Freedson
|
Accel
|
PPAQ
|
MET-min/day
|
C
|
Schmidt 2006 B
| | | | |
Pregnant – Hendelman
|
Accel
| | | |
Schmidt 2006 C
| | | | |
Pregnant – Swartz
|
Accel
| | | |
Schulz 1989 A
|
20–30
|
6
|
4
|
2
|
Healthy university
|
HRM – Proc 1
|
PAD – Procedure 5
|
MJ/day
|
A
|
Schulz 1989 B
| | | | | |
HRM – Proc 2
|
PAD – Procedure 5
| | |
Schulz 1989 C
| | | | | |
HRM – Proc 3
|
PAD – Procedure 5
| | |
Schulz 1989 D
| | | | | |
HRM – Proc 4
|
PAD – Procedure 5
| | |
Schulz 1989 E
| | | | | |
HRM – Proc 1
|
PAD – Procedure 6
| | |
Schulz 1989 F
| | | | | |
HRM – Proc 2
|
PAD – Procedure 6
| | |
Schulz 1989 G
| | | | | |
HRM – Proc 3
|
PAD – Procedure 6
| | |
Schulz 1989 H
| | | | | |
HRM – Proc 4
|
PAD – Procedure 6
| | |
Schulz 1989 I
| | | | | |
DLW
|
PAD – Procedure 5
| | |
Schulz 1989 J
| | | | | |
DLW
|
PAD – Procedure 6
| | |
Seale 2002 A
|
67–82
|
27
|
14
|
13
|
Rural elderly
|
DLW
|
7-day PAR – PAWT
|
MJ/day
|
C
|
Seale 2002 B
| | | | | |
DLW
|
7-day PAR – PABMR
| | |
Seale 2002 C
| | | | | |
DLW
|
7-day PAR – PAREE
| | |
Sjostrom 2002 A
|
41 (10)
|
445
|
202
|
243
|
Swedish
|
Accel
|
IPAQ – MPA
|
min/day
|
A
|
Sjostrom 2002 B
| | | | | |
Accel
|
IPAQ – VPA
| | |
Sobngwi 2001
|
19–68
|
89
|
44
|
45
|
Cameroonian
|
Accel
|
SSAAQ
|
MET-hr/day
|
C
|
Soundy 2005 A
|
52.9 (9.0)
|
9
| | |
Severe mental illness
|
Accel
|
PAQ – week 2
|
kcal/day
|
C
|
Soundy 2005 B
| | | | | |
Accel
|
PAQ – week 6
| | |
Starling 1998
|
52–79
|
65
|
28
|
37
|
Older free-living
|
DLW
|
Minnesota
|
kcal/day
|
NS
|
Starling 1999 A
|
45–84
|
67
|
32
|
35
|
Older free-living
|
Accel, DLW
|
YPAS
|
kcal/day
|
NS
|
Starling 1999 B
| | | | | |
Accel
|
Minnesota
| | |
Staten 2001 A
|
31–60
|
35
|
0
|
35
|
Sedentary
|
DLW
|
AAFQ (28-day)
|
kJ/day
|
NS
|
Staten 2001 B
| | | | | |
DLW
|
AAFQ (7-day)
| | |
Stein 2003 A
|
30.6 (4.7)
|
56
|
0
|
56
|
Pregnant – active
|
Accel, HRM
|
PAL
|
kcal/day
|
A
|
Stein 2003 B
|
27.9 (5.4)
| | | |
Pregnant – sedentary
|
Accel, HRM
| | | |
Strath 2003 A
|
20–56
|
25
|
12
|
13
|
General population
|
Accel
|
CAQ – MPA
|
min/day
|
A
|
Strath 2003 B
| | | | | |
Accel
|
CAQ – VPA
| | |
Strath 2003 C
| | | | | |
Accel
|
CAQ – MPA+ VPA
| | |
Strath 2004
|
20–65
|
15
|
12
|
14
|
General population
|
Accel
|
CAQ (with HR)
|
MET-min/wk
|
NS
|
Taylor 1984 A
|
34–69
|
12
|
12
|
0
|
White males
|
Accel
|
Stanford
|
kcal/day
|
NS
|
Taylor 1984 B
| | | | | |
Accel
| |
kcal/kg/day
| |
Taylor 1984 C
| | | | | |
Accel
|
PAD
|
kcal/day
| |
Taylor 1984 D
| | | | | |
Accel
| |
kcal/kg/day
| |
Timperio 2003 A
|
M 37.8 (12.7),
|
122
|
55
|
63
|
Overweight
|
Accel
|
PAQ > 3 MET
|
min/day
|
A
|
Timperio 2003 B
|
F 39.6 (17.0)
| | | | |
Accel
|
PAQ 3–5.9 MET
| | |
Timperio 2003 C
| | | | | |
Accel
|
PAQ > 6 MET
| | |
Timperio 2004 A
|
18–75
|
551
|
241
|
310
|
Free-living
|
Accel
|
AAS – Log
|
min/day
|
A
|
Timperio 2004 B
| | | | | |
Accel
|
AAS – No log
| | |
Timperio 2004 C
| | | | | |
Accel
|
IPAQ-S – Log
| | |
Timperio 2004 D
| | | | | |
Accel
|
IPAQ-S – No log
| | |
Timperio 2004 E
| | | | | |
Accel
|
IPAQ-L – Log
| | |
Timperio 2004 F
| | | | | |
Accel
|
IPAQ-L – No log
| | |
Timperio 2004 G
| | | | | |
Accel
|
BRFSS – Log
| | |
Timperio 2004 H
| | | | | |
Accel
|
BRFSS – No log
| | |
Tzetzis 2001
|
19–21
|
75
|
33
|
42
|
Novice skiers
|
HRM
|
PAQ
|
time/task
|
B
|
Wadsworth 2006 A
|
18–24
|
71
|
0
|
71
|
College – controls
|
Accel
|
IPAQ – MPA
|
min/day
|
A
|
Wadsworth 2006 B
| | | | |
College – controls
|
Accel
|
IPAQ – VPA
| | |
Wadsworth 2006 C
| | | | |
College – intervention
|
Accel
|
IPAQ – MPA
| | |
Wadsworth 2006 D
| | | | |
College – intervention
|
Accel
|
IPAQ – VPA
| | |
Walsh 2004 A
|
20–46
|
75
|
0
|
75
|
Overweight White
|
DLW
|
Tecumseh
|
kcal/day
|
NS
|
Walsh 2004 B
| | | | |
Overweight Black
|
DLW
| | | |
Walsh 2004 C
| | | | |
Control White
|
DLW
| | | |
Walsh 2004 D
| | | | |
Control Black
|
DLW
| | | |
Washburn 2003
|
18–33
|
46
|
17
|
29
|
Sedentary mod obese
|
DLW
|
PAR
|
kJ/day
|
C
|
Wendel-Vos 2003 A
|
44 (6)
|
50
|
36
|
14
|
Healthy bank workers
|
Accel
|
PAQ 2–4 MET
|
MET
|
D
|
Wendel-Vos 2003 B
| | | | | |
Accel
|
PAQ 4–6.5 MET
| | |
Wendel-Vos 2003 C
| | | | | |
Accel
|
PAQ 6.5+ MET
| | |
Wickel 2006
|
18–23
|
70
|
13
|
57
|
University
|
Accel
|
PAD
|
kcal/day
|
A
|
Wilbur 2001 A
|
45–65
|
156
|
0
|
156
|
Healthy employees
|
HRM
|
PAQ
|
min/walk
|
A
|
Wilbur 2001 B
| | | | | |
HRM
|
PAL
| | |
- * A – measuring same length of time (e.g. 7-days, 1 week) and no time lag, B – same length with time lag, C – different length with no time lag, D – different length with a time lag, NS – not stated
- Abbreviations: AAFQ – Arizona Activity Frequency Questionnaire, AAS – Active Australia Survey, Accel. – accelerometer, BRFSS – Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Cal. – calorimetry, CABG – Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, CAQ – College Alumnus Questionnaire, COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DLW – doubly labeled water, F – female, Fullerton – Fullerton Physical Activity Questionnaire, HRM – heart rate monitor, IPAQ – International Physical Activity Questionnaire, kcal – kilocalorie, kJ – kilojoules, KPAS – Kaiser Physical Activity Survey, LTPAQ – Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire, M – male, MAQ – Modifiable Activity Questionnaire, MET – metabolic equivalent, MJ – mega joules, min – minute, Minnesota – Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire, MOSPA – Monica Optional Study of Physical Activity questionnaire, MPS – moderate physical activity, PAAT – Physical Activity Assessment Tool, PAD – physical activity diary, PAEE – physical activity energy expenditure, PAFQ – Physical Activity Frequency Questionnaire, PAL – physical activity log, PAQ – physical activity questionnaire, PAR – physical activity recall, Ped. – pedometer, SAFE – Survey of Activity, Fitness, and Exercise, SSAAQ – Sub-Saharan Africa Activity Questionnaire, Stanford – Stanford Physical Activity Questionnaire, STAR – Short Telephone-administered Activity Recall, Tecumseh – Tecumseh Community Health Survey, TEE – total energy expenditure, Vhard – very hard, VPA – vigorous physical activity, WHIQ – Women's Health Initiative Questionnaire, wk – week, YPAS – Yale Physical Activity Survey