Table 2 Results of Generalized Equation Models (GEM) of total energy intake (kilocalories per two-hour increment) in the time 4 pm to midnight in the total sample of 2–18 year olds and by sex, ethnic groups, and age groups
Beta Coefficient | Standard Error | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Total sample population | |||
Sex (referent: male) | -36.3 | 2.79 | <0.001 |
Year (in age) | 7.8 | 0.31 | <0.001 |
Overweight* | 0.2 | 3.86 | 0.967 |
Obese* | 3.0 | 5.08 | 0.552 |
Linear Time Trend | -2.5 | 0.78 | <0.001 |
Males only | |||
Year (in age) | 10.7 | 0.49 | <0.001 |
Overweight | -5.2 | 5.88 | 0.380 |
Obese | 0.3 | 7.85 | 0.966 |
Linear Time Trend | -4.4 | 1.17 | <0.001 |
Females only | |||
Year (in age) | 4.8 | 0.35 | <0.001 |
Overweight | 4.1 | 4.92 | 0.407 |
Obese | 4.3 | 6.41 | 0.505 |
Linear Time Trend | -0.4 | 1.02 | 0.698 |
Non-Hispanic White | |||
Sex | -41.2 | 4.08 | <0.001 |
Year (in age) | 8.4 | 0.45 | <0.001 |
Overweight | 0.1 | 5.74 | 0.987 |
Obese | 5.2 | 8.22 | 0.527 |
Linear Time Trend | -2.7 | 1.11 | 0.016 |
Non-Hispanic Black | |||
Sex | -33.4 | 3.56 | <0.001 |
Year (in age) | 7.4 | 0.39 | <0.001 |
Overweight | -0.4 | 5.04 | 0.931 |
Obese | -0.8 | 5.14 | 0.869 |
Linear Time Trend | -4.0 | 1.03 | <0.001 |
Mexican-Americans | |||
Sex | -26.5 | 3.36 | <0.001 |
Year (in age) | 6.6 | 0.37 | <0.001 |
Overweight | 1.1 | 4.42 | 0.802 |
Obese | -5.2 | 4.71 | 0.268 |
Linear Time Trend | -0.5 | 1.09 | 0.639 |
Other and multicultural | |||
Sex | -35.0 | 12.32 | 0.005 |
Year (in age) | 6.9 | 1.19 | <0.001 |
Overweight | 12.3 | 18.62 | 0.507 |
Obese | 0.7 | 20.28 | 0.973 |
Linear Time Trend | 5.0 | 4.20 | 0.237 |
Other Hispanic | |||
Sex | -15.6 | 11.74 | 0.183 |
Year (in age) | 5.7 | 1.16 | <0.001 |
Overweight | -9.0 | 14.15 | 0.524 |
Obese | 14.1 | 24.27 | 0.561 |
Linear Time Trend | -4.5 | 3.38 | 0.182 |
2–5 year olds | |||
Sex | -3.1 | 3.39 | 0.354 |
Year (in age) | 7.2 | 1.56 | <0.001 |
Overweight | -1.2 | 5.34 | 0.826 |
Obese | 5.8 | 6.78 | 0.389 |
Linear Time Trend | 1.4 | 0.98 | 0.141 |
6–11 Year olds | |||
Sex | -22.2 | 4.47 | <0.001 |
Year (in age) | 4.9 | 1.33 | <0.001 |
Overweight | 16.7 | 6.20 | 0.007 |
Obese | 10.3 | 7.74 | 0.184 |
Linear Time Trend | -4.6 | 1.23 | <0.001 |
12–18 year olds | |||
Sex | -66.2 | 5.08 | <0.001 |
Year (in age) | 7.9 | 1.28 | <0.001 |
Overweight | -15.9 | 6.07 | 0.009 |
Obese | -5.2 | 8.12 | 0.518 |
Linear Time Trend | -2.9 | 1.40 | 0.039 |