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Table 2 Outcome effects* and validity scores of reviewed studies

From: Computer-tailored physical activity behavior change interventions targeting adults: a systematic review

Study

Dietary Behavior

Physical activity

Weight reduction

Internal validity (%)

External validity (%)

Physical activity

Hurling (2007) [21]

 

+a

 

89

44

Marcus (2007) [22]

 

+b (6 months only, not maintained at 12 months)

 

89

56

Spittaels (2007b) [24]

 

+b

 

56

78

Steele (2007) [25]

 

(+)a

 

89

44

Marshall (2003) [31]

 

(+)c(sub) (for those not active at baseline only)

 

78

67

Napolitano (2003) [32]

 

+b

 

67

44

Hager (2002) [34]

 

(+)d+e(sub) (for males only)

 

56

39

Pinto (2002) [35]

 

+f (3 months only, not maintained at 6 months)

 

67

67

Combined physical activity, dietary behavior &/or weight reduction

Booth (2008) [19]

(+) fat onlyf

(+)f

(+)f

56

67

Cook (2007) [20]

(+)g (overall diet including fat)

(+)g

(+)g

67

33

Spittaels (2007a) [23]

 

(+)dh

(+)dh & +dh(sub)

78

72

Vandelanotte (2005 & 2007) (6 month post-test) [27]

+ fatb

+b

 

44

56

(2 yr follow-up) [26]

(+) fath

(+)h

   

Winett (2007) [28]

+ fibre, F&Vb

Mb

+b (3 months only, not maintained at 6 months)

89

61

Hageman (2005) [29]

 

M-d

+/-d

78

56

Kypri (2005) [30]

+ F&Vb

+b

 

56

39

Veverka (2003) [33]

 

ND

+b

78

39

  1. Key:
  2. + significant difference over time between treatment & control group OR significant difference between groups at post-test
  3. (+) significant difference within groups over time but no significant difference between groups
  4. +/- conflicting results
  5. M positive effects on behavior mediators but not on actual behavior
  6. M – negative effects on behavior mediators
  7. (sub) outcome effect only for sub sample (1 worksite, n = 57)
  8. ND no difference
  9. *Outcome effects are reported for the effect of the computer-tailored intervention group as compared to the following control groups:
  10. a Tailored (personal) verbal
  11. b No treatment control group
  12. c Tailored print comparison group
  13. d Generic computerized comparison group
  14. e Computerized comparison group with different method of tailoring
  15. f Comparison treatment group on different/additional targeted behavior
  16. g Generic print comparison group
  17. h Comparison group of lower intensity