Table 4 Longitudinal random-effects regression predicting dietary calories from carbohydrates for Filipino mothers versus offspring^a

Household member:

   Mother

Ref ^b

Ref

   Offspring

-2.65 (-4.70,0.61)* ^c

-2.24 (-3.57,-0.91)**

Independent variables:

   Maternal education:

Less than primary school graduate

Ref

Ref

Primary school graduate

-1.23 (-2.53,0.07)^†

-1.87 (-3.16,-0.59)**

Some high school

-3.71 (-5.04,-2.38)***

-3.06 (-4.32,-1.81)***

High school graduate or higher

-6.28 (-8.00,-4.56)***

-7.16 (-8.78,-5.53)***

   Household income, (per 100 pesos)

-0.29 (-0.46,-0.13)***

-0.22 (-0.32,-0.12)***

   Household assets, (score,1 to 11)

-0.96 (-1.23,-0.70)***

-0.93 (-1.18,-0.68)***

   Urbanicity, (score, 1 to 70)

-0.09 (-0.12,-0.05)***

-0.10 (-0.15,-0.05)***

   Time:

1994

Ref

Ref

1998

2.36 (-0.90,3.83)**

-2.36 (-5.18,-0.81)**

2002

1.17 (-0.47,2.80)

-1.87 (-4.20,0.45)

2005

-0.01 (-1.80,1.77)

1.14 (-1.36,3.64)

Offspring – independent variable interactions:

   Offspring*Primary school graduate

0.25 (-1.32,1.81)

1.06 (-0.53,2.64)

   Offspring*Some high school

1.37 (0.22,2.97)^†

1.56 (0.03,2.97)*

   Offspring*High school graduate+

1.62 (-0.47,3.71)

2.77 (0.74,4.71)**

   Offspring*Household income

0.23 (0.08,0.38)**

0.12 (-0.01,0.25)^†

   Offspring*Household assets

-0.01 (-0.35,0.32)

-0.03 (-0.36,0.29)

   Offspring*Urbanicity

-0.01 (-0.06,0.03)

-0.01 (-0.06,0.03)

Independent variable – time interactions:

   Offspring*1998

-4.98 (-6.46,-3.51)***

-2.38 (-3.78,-0.97)**

   Offspring*2002

-11.07 (-12.66,-9.48)***

-6.68 (-8.15,-5.22)***

   Offspring*2005

-10.95 (-12.66,-9.25)***

-8.10 (-9.64,-6.56)***

   Household income*1998

-0.23 (-0.42,-0.04)*

   Household income*2002

-0.09 (-0.28,0.10)

   Household income*2005

0.07 (-0.12,0.26)

   Urbanicity*1998

0.05 (-0.002,0.10)^†

   Urbanicity*2002

0.04 (-0.01,0.09)

   Urbanicity*2005

-0.01 (-0.07,0.04)