Analysis of Individual Social-ecological Mediators and Moderators and Their Ability to Explain Effect of a Randomized Neighborhood Walking Intervention

Table 2 Brisk walking and potential mediators by treatment group at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months

	Baseline		3 months		6 months		p-value^a
	N	Mean (SD)	N	Mean (SD)	N	Mean (SD)	Time	Intervention^xtime
Minutes of brisk walking
Control	277	58.3 (78.1)	270	60.1 (78.4)	265	58.3 (78.8)	0.86	<0.0001
Intervention	260	42.9 (68.1)	172	83.1 (66.7)	159	75.5 (69.1)	<0.0001
Social cohesion
Control	277	3.3 (0.5)	270	3.5 (0.5)	266	3.5 (0.5)	<0.0001	0.012
Intervention	260	3.2 (0.5)	170	3.5 (0.4)	158	3.5 (0.4)	<0.0001
Walking efficacy
Control	278	7.2 (2.3)	270	6.8 (2.2)	265	6.6 (2.1)	<0.0001	0.32
Intervention	262	8.0 (1.4)	172	7.8 (1.6)	160	7.7 (1.4)	0.0042
Perception of neighborhood problems
Control	277	14.5 (6.2)	269	14.5 (5.9)	266	14.1 (6.0)	0.27	0.002
Intervention	261	14.3 (6.4)	171	15.4 (5.6)	158	15.9 (5.4)	0.0032

^a Adjusted for: Individual-level Covariates: Age, Gender, Race/ethnicity (White and Non-White), Years of education (0–12 years, ≥ 13 years), Annual household income (<$15,000, $15,000–$29,999, ≥ 30,000), General health (poor to fair, good to excellent), walking efficacy. Neighborhood-level Covariates: Neighborhood poverty (proportion of households in the neighborhood with incomes < $15,000), Perceived neighborhood safety ("It is safe to walk or jog alone in my neighborhood during the day," rated on a five point scale from 1 [strongly disagree] to 5 [strongly agree]).

ISSN: 1479-5868