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Table 2 Design and Methodological Characteristics of All Included Articles

From: Psychosocial correlates of eating behavior in children and adolescents: a review

Characteristics

Reference Number

Country

 

Australia

[62, 97, 43]

Austria

[42, 87] a

Belgium

[42, 87]c, [93, 96]

China

[90, 73]

Denmark

[85, 42]

England

[60, 95]

Greece

[68, 86]

Iceland

[70, 42]

Mexico

[79]

Netherlands

[54, 74, 76, 82, 96, 42, 69, 110]

Norway

[40, 109, 42, 87] b

Portugal

[42]

Spain

[42]

Sweden

[107, 41, 108, 42]

Uganda

[37, 102, 103]

United States

[38, 104, 105, 39, 44, 48, 47, 49–52, 106, 53, 56–58, 61, 63, 64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 75, 78, 81, 83, 84, 113, 88–90, 94, 98–100, 111, 45, 46, 101, 55, 65, 77, 59, 80, 112, 92, 91]

Design

 

Experimental

[113, 112]

Prospective

[105, 104, 107, 102, 103, 101, 110, 111, 106, 108, 109]

Cross-Sectional

[52, 56, 60, 38, 41, 48, 58, 72, 85, 88, 39, 47, 49, 51, 90, 98, 53, 57, 54, 61, 62, 66, 75, 84, 99, 37, 44, 50, 63, 64, 67, 74, 76, 95, 100, 40, 81–83, 89, 96, 97, 71, 78, 94, 45, 46, 42, 43, 55, 65, 73, 70, 69, 77, 59, 79, 80, 86, 87, 92, 91, 93, 68]

Sample Size

 

<50

[52, 56, 113, 112]

51–99

[60]

100–499

[38, 41, 48, 58, 72, 85, 88, 105, 39, 47, 49, 51, 106, 108, 90, 98, 53, 57, 54, 61, 62, 66, 75, 84, 99, 111, 45, 46, 102, 103, 43, 55, 65, 68, 59, 79, 92, 91, 93]

500–999

[37, 104, 44, 63, 64, 67, 109, 74, 76, 95, 100, 101, 69, 80, 87] a

1000–2999

[40, 107, 81–83, 89, 96, 97, 73, 70, 86, 87]b, [87]c,[110]

3000–4999

[71, 78, 50]

>/= 5000

[94, 42, 77]

Age Groups

 

Children: (mean age < 13)

[52, 56, 60, 48, 47, 106, 53, 82, 66, 84, 111, 37, 44, 95, 83, 88, 96, 51, 75, 61, 89, 113, 64, 45, 42, 46, 55, 65, 68, 73, 70, 59, 79, 80, 86, 112, 87, 92, 91, 93, 38, 58, 100]

Adolescents: (mean age > age 13–18)

[99, 104, 63, 109, 74, 78, 39–41, 72, 105, 49, 90, 98, 57, 54, 62, 50, 81, 97, 71, 94, 85, 67, 76, 107, 108, 102, 103, 101, 43, 69, 77, 110]

Ethnicity

 

Asian

[73] (Taiwanese)

Black

[37, 51, 45, 108, 102, 103]

Hispanic

[38, 79]

Native American

[55, 65]

White

[49, 98]

Diverse

[104, 105, 39, 44, 48, 47, 50, 52, 106, 53, 57, 58, 60, 63, 66, 67, 71, 72, 78, 81, 83, 84, 88–90, 94, 99, 100, 111, 46, 101, 77, 59, 92, 91]

Not Reported

[64, 61, 56, 75, 80, 112, 40] (Norwegian), [107] (Sweden), [41] (Sweden), [54] (Netherlands), [62] (Australia), [108] (Sweden), [109] (Norway), [74] (Netherlands), [76] (Netherlands), [82] (Netherlands), [85] (Denmark), [113, 95] (British), [96] (Belgium and Netherlands), [97] (Australia), [42] (9 European Countries), [43] (Australia), [68] (Greece), [70] (Iceland), [69] (Netherlands), [86] (Greece), [87] (Austria, Spain, and Norway), [110] (Netherlands), [93] (Belgium)

Gender

 

Girls Only

[52, 66, 72, 113, 45]

Boys Only

[67, 59]

Boys and Girls Combined

[37, 38, 104, 39, 40, 107, 41, 44, 48, 47, 50, 51, 106, 53, 56–58, 54, 60, 61, 63, 64, 108, 109, 74–76, 78, 81–83, 85, 88–90, 94–100, 111, 102, 103, 42, 55, 65, 68, 73, 70, 69, 77, 79, 86, 112, 87, 92, 91, 110, 93, 62, 46, 101]

Boys and Girls, Separately

[105, 49, 84, 71, 46, 101, 80, 55, 100, 62, 43]

Instrument for Measuring Food Intake

24 hour recalls

[84, 50]a, [75, 100, 45, 65, 70, 79]

Food records

[48, 47, 52, 60]b, [90, 41, 53, 46, 107, 83, 92, 91]

Food Frequency Questionnaire

[60]a, [72, 49, 54, 61, 66, 104, 109, 74, 82, 89, 96, 97, 71, 78, 42, 101, 43, 68, 73, 69, 77, 59, 86, 87, 39, 40]

Questionnaire (Unclear whether dietary intake was measured with a FFQ or another questionnaire)

[38, 58, 85, 105, 51, 108, 98, 57, 62, 99, 37, 44, 50]b,[63, 64, 67, 76, 95, 81, 94, 102, 103, 55, 80, 110, 93, 88],

Other (Observation alone or with free-recall and weighed food intake)

[106, 113, 56, 111, 112]

Validity of Applied Dietary Measure

No Information

[56, 60, 113, 38, 88, 105, 57, 37, 50, 76, 107, 98, 85, 64, 67, 71, 75, 81, 108, 109, 82, 102, 103, 43, 55, 77, 79, 112, 92, 110]

Referenced former publications

[48, 47, 58, 61, 99, 95, 62, 54, 74, 45, 46, 101, 42, 65, 68, 70, 69, 80, 86, 87, 91, 39, 63, 84, 111, 44, 52, 49, 51, 106, 89, 83, 94, 100, 41, 97, 109]

Validity Assessed for Dietary Measure

[104, 72, 78, 40, 96, 53, 66, 90, 73, 59, 93]

Reliability of Applied Dietary Measure

No Information

[56, 60, 38, 41, 48, 85, 108, 98, 57, 75, 104, 50, 64, 67, 74, 95, 107, 82, 71, 113, 102, 103, 42, 73, 77, 79, 112, 92, 110]

Referenced former publications

[58, 101, 43, 65, 68, 70, 69, 80, 87, 91, 39, 63, 84, 44, 111, 72, 52, 47, 49, 51, 53, 61, 66, 94, 100, 54, 62]

< 0.7

Cronbach's Alpha: [88, 81, 86, 99]

Interclass Correlation: [45, 83]fruit, [83]veg

Test-Retest: [96, 78, 109]fat, [59]juice, [59]veg, [93]fruit, [93]veg, [89]fat, [89]fiber, [89]fv

≥ 0.7

Cronbach's Alpha: [105, 76]

Interclass Correlation: [46] fjv

Test-Retest: [90, 40, 97, 109]fv, [109]sugar, [59]fruit,

Inter-observer Reliability: [106, 55, 37]

Assessment of Dietary Measure

Self-Report

[41, 48, 58, 72, 85, 88, 105, 39, 47, 49, 51, 108, 90, 98, 53, 57, 54, 61, 62, 66, 75, 84, 76, 104, 44, 50, 63, 64, 67, 109, 74, 76, 100, 107, 81, 83, 89, 96, 97, 71, 78, 94, 45, 102, 103, 42, 46, 101, 43, 55, 68, 73, 70, 69, 77, 59, 79, 80, 86, 87, 92, 91, 110, 93, 99, 38, 52]

Parent-Report

[37, 95, 82]

Parent- and Self-Report Together

[60, 40, 65]

Observation and Free Recall

[106]

Parent-Report and Observation

[111]

Weighed Food Intake Observation

[56, 113, 112]

Research Design Evaluation Score

Exceptional ****

[105, 109]

Strong ***

[45, 102, 103, 42, 46, 101, 43, 55, 68, 70, 59, 79, 112, 87, 110, 39, 82, 63, 84, 99, 78, 96, 44, 111, 71, 104, 49, 61, 66, 83, 89, 106, 113, 81, 75, 58, 94, 100, 95, 98, 107, 41, 108, 62, 97, 37, 40, 74, 76]

Acceptable **

[65, 73, 69, 77, 80, 86, 92, 91, 93, 64, 72, 38, 47, 51, 50, 48, 53, 56, 57, 67, 88, 60, 54, 85, 90]

Weak *

[52]